中小型饲料企业的供应链管理与物流配送

中小型饲料企业是饲料产品经济发展中的重要组成部分，也是我国农牧行业经济发展的重要组成部分。随着计算机物联网技术的不断发展，当前线上销售模式应成为中小型饲料企业创新经济增长点的重点发展领域，而要想更好的发展线上运营模式必须考虑当前中小型饲料企业自身供应链管理物流配送的发展状况。本文研究分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理及物流配送的发展现状，通过对供应链管理的核心影响因素及中小型饲料企业所处内外部环境的深入研究，分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理发展问题背后的原因，并在此基础上提出针对中小型饲料企业供应链管理与物流配送的合理性建议与优化措施。 [关键词]中小型饲料企业|供应链管理|优化措施     

基于原型网络的小样本禽蛋图像特征检测方法

机器视觉因具有检测速度快、稳定性高及成本低等优点，已发展成为禽蛋无损检测领域主流检测手段。使用该技术对禽蛋进行无损检测时，需要依赖大量禽蛋图像作为数据支撑才能取得较好的检测效果。由于养殖安全等限制，禽蛋图像数据的采集成本较高，针对该问题，提出了一种适应于小样本禽蛋图像检测的原型网络（Prototypical network）。该网络利用引入注意力机制的逆残差结构搭建的卷积神经网络将不同类别的禽蛋图像映射至嵌入空间，并利用欧氏距离度量测试禽蛋图像在嵌入空间的类别，从而完成禽蛋图像的分类。本文利用该网络分别验证了小样本条件下受精蛋与无精蛋、双黄蛋与单黄蛋及裂纹蛋与正常蛋的分类检测效果，其检测精度分别为95%、98%、88%。试验结果表明本文方法能够有效地解决禽蛋图像检测中样本不足的问题，为禽蛋图像无损检测研究提供了新的思路。     

鲁西北一次农业致灾暴雨天气成因分析

为了揭示局地暴雨天气的成因,以期为此类农业灾害性天气的预报预警提供指示,笔者利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达回波资料,对鲁西北地区2012年7月4—5日暴雨天气过程的环流背景、物理量场特征和中小尺度系统进行分析。结果表明:此次暴雨的主要影响系统是高空西风槽、切变线和低空急流;聊城地区水汽通量散度所揭示的强水汽辐合时间与垂直运动发展增强时间没有很好的对应,因此此次强降水时间较短;暴雨落区与强上升运动的发展区域在空间上相关性更好;对流层低层辐合线触发了不稳定能量的释放产生暴雨;此次暴雨过程的局地特点可以用中小尺度系统进行解释,而中小尺度系统的跟踪一定程度上依赖于区域站资料的开发应用;多普勒雷达的强雷达回波单体和阵风锋能较好地解释此次局地暴雨过程,多普勒雷达产品的应用有待进一步深化研究。     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

人工补水促进侧柏林地的种子萌发及天然更新

随着侧柏(Platycludus orientalis)林进入中成熟龄阶段,其更新和健康经营问题逐渐凸显出来。【目的】解决侧柏林内土壤湿度不足、籽苗稀少的问题并确定最佳补水时期。【方法】依据山地水土汇集面、沟谷两侧和集水池周边侧柏籽苗较密集的现实,进行人工促进侧柏林地种子萌发和天然更新的研究,应用小穴整地、模拟天然下种、人工灌水和林地模拟育苗等手段。【结果】于2017年秋季在济南燕子山上成功地促生许多侧柏苗。侧柏种子成熟期林地土壤水分不足是种子萌发的限制性因素之一。【结论】秋季9月为灌溉补水人工促进侧柏种子萌发的关键期,在适宜的光照条件下,可以有效地促进林地种子萌发和籽苗存活。     

Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small‐scale dairy farms

Alternatives need to be addressed for reducing losses in elephant grass (EG; Pennisetum purpureum) silages. Furthermore, smallholders lack information on the nutritional aspects of dairy farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate total mixed ration silage (TMR) combining fresh EG and concentrate ingredients, creating the following treatments: (i) EG silage (control); (ii) EG, corn and soya bean meal; (iii) EG, corn, soya bean meal and molasses; (iv) EG, citrus pulp and soya bean meal; and (v) EG, citrus pulp, soya bean meal and molasses. Five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15‐L plastic jars. The fermentation profile, chemical composition, microbial counts and aerobic stability were assessed. Three contrasts were tested, as follows: (i) control vs. TMR; (ii) TMR with corn vs. TMR with citrus pulp; and (iii) TMR with molasses vs. TMR without molasses. Variables were analysed through the PROC MIXED procedure of the SAS at the 5% level. The TMR had better fermentation profile, lower effluent production and longer aerobic stability compared to control. When the effect of corn was compared to citrus pulp among the TMR, silages with citrus pulp showed lower fermentation losses, non‐protein nitrogen and effluent production. The aerobic stability also improved with citrus pulp. Molasses did not affect the fermentation profile. Overall, lactic acid was the primary acid in all TMR. Nitrogen source (e.g., soya bean meal) can be used without compromising the fermentation process. TMR with citrus pulp showed better results than corn. TMR may be an alternative to optimize the use of EG on smallholdings.     

OsSCE1 Encoding SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme Involves in Drought Stress Response of Oryza sativa

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzymes are involved in post-translational regulatory processes in eukaryotes, including the conjugation of SUMO peptides to protein substrate (SUMOylation). SUMOylation plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as salt, drought, heat and cold. Herein, we reported the isolation of OsSCE1 (LOC_Os10g39120) gene encoding a SUMO-conjugating enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and its functional validation in response to drought stress. The E2 enzyme, OsSCE1, is one of three key enzymes involved in the conjugation of SUMO to its target proteins. Activated SUMO is transferred to the cysteine of an E2 enzyme and then to the target lysine residue of the substrate, with or without the help of an E3 SUMO ligase. Expression of OsSCE1 was strongly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) treatment, which suggested OsSCE1 may be involved in the drought stress response. Overexpression of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-OX) in Nipponbare reduced the tolerance to drought stress. Conversely, the drought tolerance was slightly improved by the knockdown of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-KD). These results were further supported by measurement of proline content in OsSCE1-OX and OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines under induced drought stress, which showed OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines accumulated higher proline content than the wild type, whereas OsSCE1-OX line had lower proline content than the wild type. These findings suggested OsSCE1 may play a role as a negative regulator in response to drought stress in rice.     

农民合作社农户风险共担认知和行为分析

利益共享、风险共担是农民合作社实现规范化建设的基础,但合作社利益分配向核心成员倾斜的现象比比皆是,根据权责利相统一的原则,究其根本是普通成员即社员农户风险共担不足。为促进合作社的规范化建设,找出合作社社员农户风险共担不足的原因,从认知和行为两个维度判断农户风险共担不足是认知不够还是行为缺失,并在此判断的基础上,采用相关性分析和有序Logistic回归分析,找出影响农户风险共担行为的因素。结果表明,风险共担认知和行为不显著相关,认同与合作社风险共担的农户占83.33%,但有65.75%的普通社员农户没有采取资本风险共担行为,合作社的风险主要由核心社员承担。导致农户风险共担不足的原因不是农户的风险共担认知水平不高,而是农户自身资源有限,即收入水平较低、合作社中占股较少和身份边缘化是其采取风险共担行为的主要障碍。并且,合作社成员账户的缺失会直接导致农户不采取风险共担行为。因此,建议合作社在吸纳社员时注重其资本参与以促进成员之间均衡发展,并规范合作社的财务管理,为每个成员建立规范的成员账户。     

干旱区农户灌溉方式选择的影响因素--以河北省张北县为例

对于干旱缺水的华北地区,推动节水灌溉被认为是可以有效减少农业用水的措施,近年来我国政府也加大了对该地区农业节水技术的投资力度。但由于缺乏对采用农业节水技术影响因素的深入了解,在很大程度上阻碍了节水技术的大面积推广。本文基于河北省张北县的实际调研数据,从地块特征、农户自身特征以及社会环境因素三个方面,采用多项Logit和决策树两种模型对比研究了干旱区农户选择灌溉方式的影响因素;同时构建了一般线性模型,分析了农户采用现代社区型节水技术程度的影响因素。结果表明:政府扶持是农户选择现代社区型节水技术的关键因素,其次是地块面积和家庭水浇地经营规模,但这三个因素对采用该技术程度的影响并不显著。此外,农户的年龄、受教育程度以及土壤类型对灌溉方式选择及其采用程度都具有重要影响,但农户所感知的水资源供求状况没有显著影响。     

盆栽小菊潮汐式灌溉栽培技术初探

为实现国产花卉的规模化、高品质生产,对盆栽小菊橙色雨燕开展离地潮汐式灌溉栽培技术研究,通过对栽培基质、灌溉供液模式等关键技术进行研究,形成环境友好型的生产模式,在提高花卉品质的同时,实现水、肥、人工的节约,并减少病虫害的发生,为绿色农业发展提供重要技术参考。