胶东铁路弃土弃渣体产流产沙特征

通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究降雨强度和坡度对胶东铁路弃土弃渣体产流产沙的影响。根据青荣铁路沿线降雨和弃土弃渣体堆积特点,设计3种雨强(20,40,60mm/h)和3个坡度(20°,30°,40°)。结果表明:(1)当降雨强度由20mm/h增加到60mm/h,产流开始时间可缩短11~20s;当坡度由20°变化到40°,产流开始时间可提前17~22s。(2)径流量、产沙率在降雨初期剧增到峰值,之后径流量逐渐趋于稳定,而产沙率波动减小后逐渐趋于稳定。(3)相同坡度条件下,雨强40 mm/h下的径流量较20 mm/h时增加37.3%~122.6%,产沙率约为20mm/h时的1.5~19.5倍;而雨强60mm/h下的径流量较40mm/h时仅增加19.1%~26.7%,产沙率仅为40mm/h时的62.5%~151.8%。(4)相同雨强条件下,坡度对径流量、产沙率的影响存在临界坡度(30°~40°),径流量、产沙率随坡度的增大先增加后减小。(5)弃土弃渣体坡度为30°时坡度对坡面侵蚀量的贡献率大于雨强贡献率;而40°时雨强贡献率明显超过坡度。研究结果可为胶东半岛区域铁路项目建设期间弃土弃渣体的水土流失监测及防治提供技术支撑。     

Relative Neutralizing Value as an Indicator of Actual Liming Ability of Limestone and Byproduct Materials

Methods used to compare the effectiveness of liming materials (e.g., relative neutralizing value, RNV; effective calcium carbonate equivalent, ECCE) were developed for ground limestone. This method is relatively untested on industrial byproducts that could be used when limestone is expensive or unavailable. The objective was to determine if RNV applies to both ground limestones and industrial byproducts. A 42-d incubation study was performed on three acid soils with 11 ground limestones and 9 different byproducts at four rates based on titration and the modified Adams-Evans buffer method. Overall effectiveness, assessed as RNV compared to Ca(OH)₂, averaged 101.5 ± 0.9% for all the evaluated liming materials, except the paper sludge and dolomitic marble. Thus, RNV was a good estimate of neutralizing ability when particle size was accurate. Addition of RNV to packaging would facilitate the commercial use of byproducts as liming materials allowing consumers to compare products by price and properties.     

农业有机废弃物基质培育番茄的研究初报

配制不同配方的基质培育番茄幼苗,在相同的培育条件下研究不同基质下番茄幼苗及果实的相关形态指标、结构指标及生理指标的差异。结果表明,利用玉米糠醛渣：蛭石=3：1的配方培育出来的番茄幼苗表现出明显的优势,如在形态指标方面,株高、茎粗、叶面积、根的干鲜重、壮苗指数等形态指标在所有组合中达到最高;生理指标方面,此配方培育出来的番茄苗根系活力强,叶绿素含量高,净光合有效辐射强,呼吸速率也最高;果实质量方面,番茄的VC含量、还原性糖含量和茄红素含量比其他组合高;此配方培育出的番茄花芽分化较其他组显著提前;在植物的生长过程中,配方的理化性质最稳定。上述的各项指标差异均达到了显著水平。由此可见,玉米糠醛渣十分有利于番茄作物的生长,能显著提高番茄质量。在安徽各地,玉米糠醛渣来源广泛,价格便宜,适合作为优良的基质品种在番茄乃至其他农作物生产中大范围推广。     

水稻土施用钢渣硅钙肥对土壤硅素形态和水稻生长的影响

钢渣是钢铁厂的副产品,富含硅、钙等养分,是优良的硅钙肥原料。但钢渣为强碱性物质,在稻田施用后对土壤p H值及硅素形态的影响需要阐明。2013年3―12月,通过早稻~晚稻连续2季钢渣硅钙肥温室盆栽试验,研究了钢渣施用对土壤p H值、土壤硅素形态以及水稻生长和植物硅素吸收的影响。结果表明,随着钢渣硅钙肥施用量的增加土壤p H值、土壤水溶性硅量、土壤有效硅量以及植株秸秆硅量均呈增加趋势,当土中施用钢渣有效Si O2用量高于1 600 mg/kg时(Si4和Si5处理),上述指标均显著高于CK。土壤无定形硅量随钢渣施用量的增加则表现出降低趋势,无定形硅量与有效硅量呈显著负相关关系。施入钢渣硅钙肥促进了水稻的生长发育,在2季水稻中,Si4和Si5处理秸秆+叶片干物质量较CK提高了11.9%~17.0%,籽粒干物质量较CK提高了9.52%~20.6%。     

钢渣对稀土矿区酸性土壤的改良效果

[目的]探索一种新型稀土矿山酸性土壤改良方法。[目的]以江西赣州某稀土矿区土壤为研究对象,采用钢渣和有机肥为土壤改良药剂,设置了钢渣2%、有机肥3%、有机肥3%+钢渣2%、有机肥8%、有机肥8%+钢渣2%、空白对照6个处理,研究不同添加量的钢渣与有机质对矿区酸性土壤p H、阳离子交换量、水溶性盐总量、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、水解性氮、速效钾、总孔隙度等理化性质以及白菜种子的发芽和生长情况的影响。[结果]土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、水溶性盐总量、全氮、全磷、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、电导率等指标和有机肥的添加量具有正相关关系,总孔隙度在改良前后变化不明显;钢渣可以提高黏粒含量和土壤p H,促进植物的发芽与生长;在植被后期生长过程中,可以通过添加有机肥保证土壤肥力,使稀土矿山的复绿效果得以长期延续。[结论]钢渣是一种改良矿区酸性土壤的有效药剂。     

两种钢渣源调理剂对水稻生长及氮磷钾吸收量的影响

钢渣富含硅、钙等养分，是优良的土壤调理剂原料，但其肥效和合理施用量在很大程度上取决于钢渣的养分含量和组分，本研究选取白色钢渣调理剂（W）和黄色钢渣调理剂（Y）2种性质不同的钢渣调理剂，通过盆栽试验研究其不同施用量（W调理剂0.74、1.47、2.94、5.88 g·kg^-1和11.76 g·kg^-1；Y调理剂1.47、2.94、5.88、11.76 g·kg^-1和23.52 g·kg^-1）对水稻生长的影响。研究结果表明，与单施NPK相比，添加W调理剂对水稻生长无显著促进作用，而Y调理剂施用量为11.76 g·kg^-1和23.52 g·kg^-1时可提高晚稻籽粒产量20%，且当Y调理剂施用量为5.88~23.52 g·kg^-1时显著提高晚稻秸秆产量24.02%~35.23%。施用Y调理剂促进了晚稻对氮、磷、钾素的吸收，提高幅度分别为12.61%~21.55%、7.63%~38.31%、11.89%~54.13%。综合结果表明，在弱酸性水稻土（pH 6.51）上，添加W钢渣源调理剂未促进水稻生长，而施用Y调理剂对晚稻生长和氮磷钾养分吸收具有一定的促进作用。     

A simulated experiment on the high titanium slag rheological behavior

The rheological property of high titanium slag is a main factor to influence the vanadium titanomagnetite smelting in blast furnace. It plays a great role in discharging slag, separating iron and slag and even the life of blast furnace hearth. The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene multipolymer(ABS) dense suspension is taken to simulate the system of high titanium slag. Apparent viscosity is measured by a NXS-11A rotating cylinder viscometer. The impact of temperature, volume fraction and particle sizes on the suspension apparent viscosity is studied. The results show that temperature and volume fraction have a strong influence on the suspension apparent viscosity, while the particle size has a weak effect. The suspension shows Bingham behavior within a wide concentration range. The dependence of the appear viscosity on temperature and amount of solid addition can be described by a binary function equation.     

改性橘子皮对废水中钴镍离子的吸附性能

采用冰醋酸-Ca(OH)2制备了新型活化橘子皮生物吸附剂HCOP,借助扫描电镜从微观组织形态上对比了未改性橘子皮(OP)、冰醋酸-Ca(OH)2活化橘子皮(HCOP)2种不同的生物吸附剂;研究了HCOP用量、p H、吸附时间和温度对HCOP吸附Co2+、Ni2+的影响,并讨论了吸附动力学和热力学模式。结果表明,当HCOP用量为5 g/L、p H 6.0的条件下,HCOP对2种离子的吸附速率均较快,符合准二级动力学方程。HCOP对Co2+、Ni2+的最大吸附量分别为44.58、52.47 mg/g,均符合Langmuir模型。在钴、镍二元混合体系中,HCOP对Ni2+的吸附选择性大于Co2+,HCOP可通过用HCl洗涤再生后循环使用6次。     

Quantitative study on solid slag film’s crystallinity of mould fluxes by using DSC method

The method to determine the crystallinity of solid slag film is established by analyzing the DSC curve of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag. The accuracy of the method is investigated by measurements of prepared samples whose crystallinity is given. In addition, the solid slag films of mold slags used to cast medium carbon steel and low carbon steel are obtained by heat flux simulator in laboratory, and the crystallinity of the two kinds of slag film are also measured by DSC method. Experimental results indicates that the crystallinity of solid slag film can be determined by comparing the crystallization enthalpy of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag during heating process, and the relative error is within 5.03%. For medium carbon steel, the crystalline fraction of solid slag film is 88.6%, while the crystalline fraction of solid slag film corresponding to low carbon steel is 55.0%. The results are consistent with actual structure of solid slag films.     

掺钢渣的石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石抗压强度的研究

以马鞍山钢铁集团钢渣公司的钢渣为研究对象，分析研究了在半刚性基层材料石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石中掺入细钢渣，用细钢渣部分取代粉煤灰后，混合料无侧限抗压强度的变化情况。试验结果表明，随着细钢渣掺量的增加，石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势。这说明当细钢渣掺量适当时（钢渣：粉煤灰=1：2），能明显提高石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料的抗压强度，其抗压强度可提高30％，所以从其增强效果来看是比较显著的。