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1.
研究旨在利用近红外光谱技术(near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,NIRS)建立全株玉米青贮6种营养成分的近红外预测模型,为生产实践中合理利用全株玉米青贮饲料资源提供理论依据。选取玉米青贮样品64份作为定标集,16份作为验证集。利用NIRS结合改良偏最小二乘法(modified partial least squares,MPLS)构建并且验证其建立预测模型的优劣。结果表明:构建的玉米青贮干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗灰分(Ash)预测模型的交叉验证相关系数(1-VR)分别为0.83、0.80、0.93和0.78,都在0.80左右,可以用于实际预测。粗脂肪(EE)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量预测模型1-VR为0.64和0.40,低于0.80,构建的模型相关性较差,模型还需要进一步优化。 相似文献
2.
《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2021,9(4):520-531
This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h−1) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m−2∙min−1), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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4.
Nan ZHAO Xixiang YANG Guocheng HUANG Yizhong L Jing ZHANG Yuanyuan FAN Craig F. DRURY Xueming YANG 《土壤圈》2021,31(1):204-213
Long-term fertilization and crop rotation can influence both organic C sequestration as well as the C composition of soils and the more resistant organic C compounds contained in humic acid(HA). This study examined the effects of fertilization and cropping type(monoculture corn(MC) and Kentucky bluegrass sod(KBS) and corn-oat-alfalfa-alfalfa rotation(RC)) on the HA composition of soil from a 52-year field study in southern Ontario, Canada. Humic acid samples were extracted from soil, and elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and electron paramagnetic resonance methods were used to determine the influence of the cropping type on the characteristics of HA. Both fertilization and cropping type affected the chemical characteristics of HA. Fertilization led to a 5.9% increase in C, a 7.6% decrease in O, and lower O/C and(N + O)/C ratios in HA as compared to the corresponding non-fertilized treatments. Rotation resulted in a lower proportion of C(48.1%) and a greater(N + O)/C ratio(0.7) relative to monoculture cropping. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that HA contained more C-O groups in fertilized soil than in non-fertilized soil under MC and KBS. Fertilization increased the O-alkyl-C, phenolic-C, and free radical contents of HA relative to non-fertilization treatments. Rotation decreased the aliphatic and carboxyl groups and increased the O-alkyl, carbohydrate, aryl, and phenolic groups and free radicals, relative to MC and KBS. Both long-term crop rotation and fertilization dramatically modified the soil HA composition. Significant relationships were observed between the molecular composition of HA and soil organic C. Hence, humic acid characterization could be used as an indicator of the long-term sustainability of crop management practices. 相似文献
5.
作为藻类和维管植物之间的过渡类群,苔藓植物不仅占有重要的进化地位,它同时可作为园艺上的观赏植物。目前对很多苔藓植物的培养条件、基因组大小等信息非常缺乏,且已进行基因组测序的苔藓物种较少,这些都严重制约了苔藓植物系统学的研究和资源利用。本研究以基因组大小为942 Mb的野生番茄(Solanum pennellii)为内标,采用流式细胞术对5种苔藓植物的基因组大小进行测定,结果表明,拟短月藓(Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma)的基因组大小约为391.40 Mb,绒叶青藓(Brachythecium velutinum)的基因组大小约为386.96 Mb,尖叶梨蒴藓(Entosthodon wichurae)的基因组大小约为441.01 Mb,桧叶白发藓(Leucobryum juniperoideum)的基因组大小约为493.21Mb,明叶藓(Vesicularia montagnei)的基因组大小约为337.94Mb。本研究为苔藓植物的全基因组测序、分子生物学研究、亲缘进化研究以及园艺苔藓品种开发和育种等方面提供重要信息。 相似文献
6.
对浑善达克沙地进行野外考察和采集表层沙样,通过激光粒度仪测量其沙粒粒径,分析其内部不同区域沉积物粒度特征、空间分异规律和沉积环境,为治理该沙地提供理论依据。结果表明,浑善达克沙地内部不同区域表层沉积物粒度组成上有较大的差异,总体以细沙和中沙为主,平均含量分别为43.9%和34.72%;粉沙、极细沙、粗砂含量较少。中值粒径从西到东逐渐变细;分选系数为0.94Φ,分选性整体较差,沿盛行风向有变好的趋势;偏度和峰度均值分别为0.16和1.23。粒度频率曲线指示该沙地沉积环境多样,沉积过程复杂。中西部沙物质以河流及湖泊沉积为主;东部则主要分布风成沉积,其部分物质可能来源于沙地内部的河流碎屑物或更西部的河湖相沉积。 相似文献
7.
为挖掘利用高营养燕麦饲草种质资源,将源自以色列不同地区的23份野生燕麦生态型和3份燕麦栽培品种种植于四川甘孜、贵州贵阳、四川成都3个环境,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期进行刈割处理,并测定其酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(F)、半纤维素(HF)、木质素(L)、洗涤纤维中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)、粗蛋白(CP)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、可溶性糖(WSC)含量以及鲜干比(FDR)。方差和相关性网络分析结果表明,不同生态型和品种在不同地区、不同生育期和不同营养成分含量间存在差异;从燕麦抽穗期至成熟期,CP、TP、TK以及WSC含量逐渐降低,其他营养物质含量逐渐上升。作为饲草,甘孜州生长的燕麦CP、TP、TK以及WSC含量比其他地区高。 相似文献
8.
Nan‐Nan Zeng Ming Jiang Hua Wen Wei Liu Fan Wu Juan Tian Li‐Juan Yu Xing Lu Zhong‐Bao Guo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):240-251
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively. 相似文献
9.
为了拓展胶原肽螯合钙的制备工艺,以鱼胶原肽和CaCl2为原料,以高能湿法球磨的方法制备了鱼胶原肽螯合钙,并采用FT-IR红外图谱、X-衍射、EDS能谱等技术手段对其理化特性和结构进行分析。结果显示,随着球磨时间从15 min延长到240 min,鱼胶原肽的平均粒径逐渐降低,ZETA电位绝对值、分子量和pH值逐渐增加,鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率逐渐从74.21%增加到85.42%。鱼胶原肽螯合钙与鱼胶原肽的主体化学结构相似,但是球磨后鱼胶原肽的-COO-1 VAS吸收峰(1 643.89 cm~(-1))向短波数方向移动到1 540~1 555 cm~(-1),而-NH2的特征吸收峰(3 313.9 cm~(-1))向长波数方向移动到3 337.12~3 380.59 cm~(-1)。球磨后鱼胶原在2θ=20°处的特征宽吸收峰消失,而在2θ=26、28、48和58°处出现多个尖峰和弥散峰,表明其从无定形结构向兼具结晶和无定形结构转变。鱼胶原肽螯合钙中钙元素比例逐渐增加,证实鱼胶原肽对钙的螯合率增加。研究表明,高能湿法球磨可应用于鱼胶原肽螯合钙的制备,该方法具有加工工艺简单、无污染和螯合率高等优点。 相似文献
10.
为探究基于A矩阵期望遗传关系最大化(maximizing the expected genetic relationship for matrix A,RELA)、基于A矩阵目标群体遗传方差最小化(minimized the target population genetic variance for matrix A,MCA)、平均亲缘关系最大化(the highest mean kinship coefficients,KIN)、随机选择(random selection,RAN)、共同祖先筛选(common ancestor,CA)等不同参考群筛选方法及参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响。本研究使用矮小型黄羽肉鸡作为试验群体,采用鸡600K SNP芯片(Affymetrix Axion HD genotyping array)进行基因分型,测定435羽子代公鸡45、56、70、84、91日龄体重。利用Beagle软件将低密度SNP芯片填充为高密度SNP芯片数据,比较不同参考群筛选方法、参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响,以及填充芯片基因组预测准确性。结果表明,使用Beagle 4.0结合系谱信息进行填充效果最佳,其次为Beagle 4.0,而Beagle 5.1填充效果最差。使用MCA方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最高,使用RAN方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最低,MCA、RELA、CA 3种方法基因型填充准确性差别较小。相比其他方法,使用MCA方法筛选个体作为参考群将低密度SNP芯片填充至高密度SNP芯片进行基因组选择的预测准确性较高,与真实高密度SNP芯片的基因组预测准确性相差甚微。随着参考群规模增大,基因型填充准确性也随之增加,但增速逐渐下降,最后趋于平缓。综上所述,可以通过参考群筛选方法构建参考群以及控制参考群规模,以保证基因型填充和基因组预测准确性并节省成本,本研究为基因型填充在畜禽遗传育种中的应用提供技术参考。 相似文献