鹿肚耳与3种木耳的营养价值评价

综述皱木耳Auricularia delicata新品种"鹿肚耳"的形态特征和食用特点,测定其与黑木耳、毛木耳、毛木耳白色变种"玉木耳"人工栽培子实体的基本营养成分、矿质元素含量和氨基酸组成,评价其营养价值。结果表明:鹿肚耳热量235 kJ/100g、蛋白质7.21 g/100g、脂肪1.5 g/100g、碳水化合物48.4 g/100g、总膳食纤维29.3g/100g,含有5种常量元素、5种必需微量元素,其中,硒元素含量是黑木耳的4.6倍;含有人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,氨基酸化学评分(CS)和氨基酸评分(ASS)分别为12和18.86,色氨酸为其限制性氨基酸;蛋白质综合评价低于其他3种木耳。     

林麝肺源ST1249型铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其全基因组序列分析

【目的】对分离自林麝化脓肺脏的1株疑似铜绿假单胞菌(PA)进行鉴定,并分析其致病和耐药机制,为林麝PA感染化脓性疾病的防控奠定基础。【方法】将病原菌分离纯化后,依次进行生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析、药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,并通过全基因组测序,对分离菌株进行群体进化和物种分型分析以及基因功能注释。【结果】分离自林麝化脓肺脏的1株疑似铜绿假单胞菌经鉴定与PA相符,命名为FMDP001。药敏试验显示其对阿莫西林、头孢曲松、氨曲南、多粘菌素B和林可霉素耐药;对小鼠半数致死量为9.4×10~5 CFU/mL。全基因组序列分析显示该菌基因组大小为6 955 100 bp,序列类型为ST1249,与B136-33株同源性最高,且两菌株基因组平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)值达98.93%;全基因组中共有357个序列编码FMDP001与致病性相关的基因,根据功能分为黏附、铁摄取、胞外毒性蛋白和调控系统;84个序列编码耐药基因,其中多药耐药外排泵为主要成分。【结论】从林麝化脓肺脏中分离到1株致病性较强的PA,并获得ST1249型林麝源PA的全基因组序列,序列显示该菌携带大量药物外排泵及生物膜形成相关基因,决定其具有多重耐药特性,哌拉西林等可作为该类型PA感染的临床用药。     

Population pharmacokinetics of methadone hydrochloride after a single intramuscular administration in adult Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon)

ObjectiveTo assess the population pharmacokinetics of methadone in deer.Study designProspective non-randomized experimental trial.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult sika deer (nine males and three females).MethodsDeer received intramuscular administration of racemic methadone hydrochloride at 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ or 1 mg kg⁻¹. Plasma methadone and its metabolite 2-Ethylidene-1,5-Dimethyl-3,3-Diphenyl-Pyrolidine (EDDP) concentrations were determined by validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry methods, at times 0, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Population pharmacokinetics analysis was undertaken using a non-linear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM).ResultsA two-compartment linear disposition model best described observed time-concentration profiles of methadone and EDDP. Population parameter estimates of methadone were elimination clearance (17.3 L hour⁻¹), metabolic clearance (34.6 L hour⁻¹), volume of distribution of compartment 1 (216.0 L) and volume of distribution of compartment 2 (384.0 L). Population parameter estimates of EDDP were elimination clearance (121.0 L hour⁻¹), volume of distribution of compartment 3 (1.08 L) and volume of distribution of compartment 4 (499.5 L). The total clearance and total volume of distribution of methadone and EDDP were 51.9 L hour⁻¹, 121.0 L hour ⁻¹, 600.0 L and 500.6 L, respectively. The methadone terminal elimination half-life was 8.19 hours. No adverse effects were observed after methadone administration.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceFollowing intramuscular injection, methadone was characterized by a large total volume of distribution, high systemic clearance and intermediate terminal half-life in sika deer.     

Accessory corpora lutea formation in pregnant Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) investigated by examination of ovarian dynamics and steroid hormone concentrations

Generally, sika deer conceive a single fetus, but approximately 80% of pregnant females have two corpora lutea (CLs). The function of the accessory CL (ACL) is unknown; moreover, the process of ACL formation is unclear, and understanding this is necessary to know its role. To elucidate the process of ACL formation, the ovarian dynamics of six adult Hokkaido sika deer females were examined ultrasonographically together with peripheral estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. ACLs formed in three females that conceived at the first estrus of the breeding season, but not in those females that conceived at the second estrus. After copulation, postconception ovulation of the dominant follicle of the first wave is induced by an increase in estradiol-17β, which leads to formation of an ACL. A relatively low concentration of progesterone after the first estrus of the breeding season is considered to be responsible for the increase in estradiol-17β after copulation.     

饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,将12头7月龄雄性梅花鹿仔鹿分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只),组间体重差异不显著。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂额外添加1.25(Ⅱ组)、2.50(Ⅲ组)和5.00 g·kg^-1(Ⅳ组)过瘤胃半胱氨酸(有效成分51.70%)的试验饲粮。试验预饲期15 d,正试期112 d。结果表明,1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅲ组总增重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸各组粗蛋白质、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);3)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组甘氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),各组半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0...     

东北梅花鹿线粒体COⅡ基因序列的遗传结构及其系统发育分析

采用基因测序方法,对3种东北梅花鹿的COⅡ基因片段进行了PCR扩增和测序。结果表明,3种东北梅花鹿COⅡ基因片段长度均为740bp,A＋T含量都大于G＋C含量。3个品种单倍型多样性较高（0.673～0.717）,就单个品种而言,敖东梅花鹿的遗传多样性最高。     

活性炭对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥条件的优化研究

利用活性炭的吸附作用,对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥的最佳工艺进行研究。通过正交试验方差分析研究脱色脱腥过程中的最佳工艺条件。各试验因素对脱色率的影响顺序为:添加量>脱色温度>脱色时间;对于寡肽损失率的影响顺序为:添加量>脱色时间>脱色温度。结果表明:利用活性炭对梅花鹿胎盘寡肽脱色脱腥的最佳工艺条件为:活性炭用量2.0%,脱色pH值11,脱色温度70℃,脱色时间60min。此工艺条件下脱色率为74.8%,寡肽损失率为19.5%,无腥味。     

两种方法从林麝粪便提取DNA效率及分析

采集林麝DNA样本获得快捷、有效的DNA提取方法是其分子标记,良种遗传选育的分子基础。以林麝粪便为研究对象,用常规和改良的方法比较提取林麝粪便DNA的效率,两种方法分别设为对照组和试验组。采集林麝粪便后分别在空气暴露0、2、4、6d。用对照组和试验组两种方法提取粪便DNA,以林麝GAPDH为目的基因,用PCR方法扩增样本。琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离DNA目的条带,以空气暴露0d的粪便DNA条带光密度值为参考,2、4、6d粪便DNA条带光密度值与0d进行比较获得相对光密度值。结果发现,随着时间延长,林麝粪便逐渐失去光泽,表面粗糙;对照组和试验组两种方法均能有效提取林麝DNA。试验组2d和4d与0d相比较DNA水平显著上升,6d与0d没有显著差异;对照组仅在2d提取的DNA水平上升,而4d和6d显著下降到0d的水平。以对照组为参照,两组各时间点相比,试验组获得的DNA水平显著高于对照组。研究结果表明,试验组提取DNA的方法可显著提高林麝粪便DNA的获得率。     

Amplification of the Full-length cDNA of Sika β-defensin-1(siBD-1) with RACE Method

In order to obtain the full-length cDNA of sika β-defensin-1 (siBD-1),5'-RACE and 3'-RACE primers were designed according to the partial sequences of siBD-1 that obtained from this study group, cDNA ends (RACE) technology were used to amplify siBD-1 cDNA from the total RNA of tongue mucosa tissue in sika, and amplified products were cloned into pMD18-T vector and subjected to PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The results indicated that the length of siBD-1 cDNA 5'- and 3'- end were about 172 and 299 bp. The full-length siBD-1 cDNA was 418 bp (GenBank accession No. HM588696.1) and includes an 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 89 bp, a open reading frame (ORF) of 192 bp, a stop codon of TAA, 3'-UTR of 118 bp and Ploy(A)16. The sequence homology showed that siBD-1 shared the greatest identity (90.6%) with buffalo enteric β-defensin, the higher identity with cattle (EBD, LAP, TAP, BNBD-4), goats (GBD-1, GBD-2), reindeer (reBD-1), sheep (sBD-1, sBD-2) and camel (caBD-1), that were 83.2%, 83.1%, 87.3%, 87.0%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 84.4%, 79.9%, 77.1% and 70.5%,respectively,and correspondingly low identity were 60.3% and 72.4% with horse (hoBD-1), pig(pBD-1), the lowest was 16.0% with human (hBD-2). The mature peptide was consisted of 38 amino acids, and contained 9 positively charged residues.     

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3‐year‐old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3‐year‐old sika deer.