浙江遂昌毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术

为了发挥毛竹林生产潜力，增加竹农经济收入，在多年实践研究的基础上总结出一套毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术。研究认为：在毛竹笋材两用林中采挖鞭笋，不会影响整体的竹鞭鞭径和竹鞭总量生长；毛竹林地覆盖稻草和砻糠能显著提高第3年的鞭笋产量；培育高产鞭笋的最佳施肥时间为每年的5月；鞭笋采收时间为5-10月。毛竹鞭笋丰产培育技术可在毛竹笋材两用林经营中推广应用。     

几种不同施肥方式对雷竹产量的影响研究

采用随机区组设计试验,分析对比竹腔施肥、普通施肥和不施肥3种处理对雷竹生长的影响。试验结果表明:竹腔施肥与普通施肥和不施肥比较,出笋数量分别增加12.11%和33.26%,退笋率分别降低3.3%和4.2%,经济收益分别提高14.0%和33.4%,新竹平均胸径分别增加0.25 cm和0.35 cm。综上所述,施肥对产笋量、成竹率、新竹径级和单位面积收益上均有积极的影响作用。不同施肥方式其作用效果为:竹腔施肥>普通施肥>不施肥。     

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

不同浓度NAA/6BA配比对不同品种甘薯茎尖培养特性的影响

为明确不同品种甘薯茎尖培养的最佳NAA/6BA配比,设置0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L 3组NAA/6BA浓度配比处理,观测不同浓度激素处理对‘北京553’、‘红香蕉’、‘苏薯8号’、‘烟薯25’、‘安吉芋’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’茎尖培养成苗率、愈伤组织直径、不定根数目、叶片数和植株高度的影响,同时调查不同品种试管苗的移栽成活率。结果表明,‘红香蕉’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’在0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘安吉芋’在0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘苏薯8号’、‘北京553’、‘烟薯25’在0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高。因此,在甘薯茎尖培养过程中,不同甘薯品种适宜的NAA/6BA配比存在显著差异,在实际生产中应根据品种特性来进行调整激素的用量和比例。     

辣木的染色体制片优化及核型分析

以辣木分生组织为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法制片,探讨不同取材部位、预处理方式和酶解时间对辣木染色体制片的影响,并对其进行核型分析,以期为辣木的起源、演化及遗传育种提供一定理论依据。结果表明:以辣木新枝茎尖为最佳取材部位,用饱和对二氯苯预处理2 h,再用4%纤维素酶和5%果胶酶混合物酶解4 h,制片所得染色体效果最佳。核型分析表明,辣木染色体属于小染色体,有28条,核型公式为2n=2x=2n=28m,属于1B类型,核型不对称系数60.29%,核型对称程度较高,这表明辣木在进化中可能处于比较原始类型。     

不同叶顶间隙下斜流泵内部 流动特性的数值模拟

为研究轮缘叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能和流动不稳定特性的影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型对某斜流泵选取了0, 0.25, 1.00, 2.00 mm 4种尺寸的叶顶间隙进行数值计算,分析间隙区域内压差分布、泄漏量、叶顶泄漏涡旋强度以及进口轴面速度分布.结果表明:不同运行工况下,斜流泵泄漏量从叶轮进口到叶轮出口先增大后减小,其与间隙区内压差变化趋势相吻合.叶顶泄漏量随着间隙尺寸的增大而增大,导致泵的能量损失增大.经对比发现,间隙尺寸是影响叶顶泄漏量的主要因素.小流量工况下,随着叶顶间隙尺寸的增大,叶顶泄漏流与主流卷吸作用形成的泄漏涡强度逐渐增强.部分泄漏流进入相邻叶片通道,导致其流动失稳.随着叶顶间隙的增大,斜流泵能量损失明显增多,且内流不稳定性明显加剧.增大流量后,不同间隙下叶顶泄漏涡旋转强度均逐渐降低.     

茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响

以棉花幼苗下胚轴和茎尖作为试验材料,通过添加不同浓度的外源茉莉酸合成抑制剂,观察棉花下胚轴生根及愈伤组织的形成率以及对茎尖分化的影响,探究茉莉酸合成抑制剂对棉花脱分化及茎尖培养的影响。结果表明,茉莉酸合成抑制剂可以显著地促进愈伤组织的生成,加快生根,但是会在一定程度上抑制愈伤组织POD及SOD的活性。当茉莉酸合成抑制剂浓度为0.075 mg·L~(-1)时,对生根及愈伤组织形成方面作用效果最显著。而在茎尖培养过程中,2.0 mg·L~(-1)的茉莉酸合成抑制剂在棉花茎尖培养初期对分生组织分化起显著促进作用,棉花生长量最大,植株SOD酶和POD酶活性最大。     

Micropropagation of Prunus scoparia,a Suitable Rootstock for Almond under Drought Conditions

Prunus scoparia is a wild deciduous shrub, usually living on dry calcareous soils of the rocky mountains and has been used as a grafting rootstock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance. In the current study, micropropagation ability of P. scoparia was investigated using cytokinin and auxin. Uniform nodal shoot pieces (3–5 cm in length) of seedlings were used as explants. The explants were disinfected with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. For adventitious shoot induction and proliferation, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 7.00 g/l agar and 30.00 g/l sucrose containing five concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/1) and also containing six concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 7.00 mg/1) were compared. For rooting, in vitro shoots (2–3 cm) were transferred into ½ MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 7.50 g/l agar, and different concentrations of IBA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l) and NAA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l). Based on the results obtained for shoot proliferation, only 2.00 and 4.00 mg/l BA and 2.00 mg/l TDZ concentrations generated shoots, while other treatments did not show shoot proliferation. Among the three treatments that generated shoots, the best results for shoot number, leaf number, and leaf color quality were observed in media containing 2.00 mg/l TDZ. Based on the results obtained for rooting, the effect of IBA concentrations on the rooting percentage, root number, and root length was significant. Among IBA concentrations, only 0.50 mg/l IBA induced rooting, while there was no rooting in the media containing other IBA concentrations. None of the NAA concentrations showed rooting. In conclusion, MS culture medium supplemented with 2.00 mg/l TDZ and ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/l IBA are suggested for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of P. scoparia, respectively. The results presented herein could be used for in vitro selection and micropropagation of P. scoparia.     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5种不同类型的糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高,愈伤组织诱导率高,染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,冀黍2号出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养；2,4-D对冀黍2号愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2,4-D浓度为2.5mg/L+TDZ浓度为3.5mg/L时出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得冀黍2号愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。     

不同育成年份冬小麦苗期根冠生物量分配

为探讨品种更替过程中小麦苗期根冠生物量分配的演变趋势,以历年来黄淮海麦区大面积推广种植的22个冬小麦品种为研究对象,采用砂培的方法进行幼苗培养,分析小麦种子萌发后不同时间根、冠生长及生物量分配的变化规律。结果表明:冬小麦种子萌发后第3天幼苗根数在品种间无显著差异,第9天、第15天随着品种更替的进行呈现出显著下降的趋势,现代品种初生根数目显著低于早期品种。在第3天、第9天、第15天,小麦苗期幼苗生长随品种更替呈现不同的变化趋势,芽长显著下降,但根长无显著差异。可见,冬小麦苗期芽干质量在品种改良过程中未发生明显变化,而根干质量和根冠比呈现出显著下降的趋势,冬小麦苗期现代品种地上部分分配到更多的生物量。