加速广义Laguerre多项式级数的Laplace变换的数值反演方法

本文利用Levin t-变换迭代法，对加速广义Laguerre多项式级数，提出了一种新的Laplace变换的数值反演方法，这种方法在精度上和数值稳定性上的效果都较好。     

两种一年生植物在替代试验中的相互竞争关系

（1）用替代试验研究了燕麦（Aneva sativa）和箭舌豌豆（Vicia sativa）在混播中的竞争相互作用。为了攻混播比例对两种植物在混播条件下的行为影响，田间试验设为5个混播总密度和5种混播比例，共了5次。（2）方差分析表明，相对总生物量（RYT）和竞争平衡指数（CBI）对总密度，混播比例和生长时间的反应敏感。总密度对RYT和CBI的影响高度显著，在大多数情况下，混播比例对RYT和CBI的影响不显著。（3）本文研究的结果表明，持续时间对RYT和CBI很强的影响，在第1次测定时，RYT值接近1而BI值接近0，这一事实表明，种间无竞争或互惠作用。而在生长旺盛期，种间竞争较为剧烈。（4）本研究结果表明，箭舌豌豆的生长严惩受到燕麦的抑制作用，这说明箭舌豌豆在与燕麦混播时表现为竞争上的弱者。     

基于Matlab的时序数据两种建模和预测方法比较

利用Matlab工具箱,对时序数据进行了两种不同形式的建模和预测。一是利用系统辨识方法来建立AR模型,利用所建模型进行预测；二是利用单隐层BP神经网络,对数据进行非线性拟合和预测。通过可视化,比较了两种方法的优劣。     

Wetland effects on lake water quality in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area

A method developed to evaluate the cumulative effect of wetland mosaics on water quality was applied to 33 lake watersheds in the seven-county region surrounding Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to record and measure landscape variables derived from aerial photos. Twenty-seven watershed land-use and land-cover variables were reduced to eight principal components which described 85% of the variance among watersheds. Relationships between lake water quality variables and the first six principal components plus an index of lake mixis were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis. A combination of three landscape components (wetland/watershed area, agriculture/wetlands, and forest/soils components) explained 49% of the variance in a trophic state index, even though most of the lakes examined were already highly eutrophic, and thus were influenced by internal loading. The regression equations explained a range of 14 to 76% of the variation in individual water quality variables. Forested land-use was associated with lower lake trophic state, chloride, and lead. High lake trophic state was associated with agricultural land-use and with wetland distance from the lake of interest. The extent of wetlands was associated with low total lead and high color in lakes downstream. Wet meadows or herbaceous, seasonally-flooded wetlands contributed more to lake water color than did cattail marshes.     

小麦矮秆育种中性状间关系的多元分析

以7个株高梯度系列的35个系统及5个亲本品种为材料,采用典范分析和逐步回归分析研究了株高及其构成因子与产量因子、产量生理性状间的关系。结果表明:①株高因子通过产量生理性状影响产量因子,一定的生物学产量是获得高产的基础。②矮秆品种的高化对提高产量、千粒重和收获指数有利,对蛋白质含量的影响不明显;高秆品种矮化能显著提高收获指数,对籽粒的蛋白质含量影响不大。③在主要性状符合育种目标的前提下,选择倒二节间较长、第一和第二叶间距略长、穗颈和穗部较长的类型可能对提高产量有利。     

Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables

Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south‐east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non‐lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings.     

植物化感作用影响因素的再认识

土壤养分、酶、微生物、本底特性,根茬还田、水分、植物根系、种植体系和种植模式与化感作用的互作关系,表明这些因子可通过对土壤养分有效性、微生物种群结构、土壤酶活性和化感物质浓度的影响而对化感作用产生直接或间接影响,这些可为通过化感作用途径构建高效农田生态系统提供新的思路.     

陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒演替研究一撂荒演替序列

用系统聚类法划分陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒地的次生演替阶段，可以定量的认识不同年限、立地条件下撂荒地群落的相似性，结合DCA数量排序确定撂荒地的演替阶段或序列。其撂荒演替的各阶段分别为：一年生杂类草猪毛蒿（Artemisia scoparia）＋其它杂类草群丛→一年生杂类草猪毛蒿群丛→一年生杂类草猪毛蒿＋多年生草种或小灌木的共优群丛一根茎禾草冰草（Agropyroncristatum）群丛→多年生草本或丛生禾草＋一年生杂类草群丛→多年生草本群丛→小灌木达乌里胡枝子（Lespedeza davurica）群丛→多年生草本＋小灌木或密丛型禾草群丛→短根茎密丛型禾草白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）群丛。     

硬质海岸防护设施的生态效应与对策

虽然滨海地区占地球陆地面积不足4%，但沿海生境是全球最有价值的自然资源之一。世界上超过三分之一的人口生活在距海岸线100 km的范围内。气候变化和人类活动使得全球海岸侵蚀和风暴潮威胁加重。海岸防护可以有效抵御海岸侵蚀、风暴风险和海平面上升。本文概述了全球主要沿海国家和地区（欧盟、美国、中国）海岸硬化情况以及海岸硬化带来的生态效应。欧洲海岸线硬化比例为10%（2006年），美国海岸的硬化比例为14%（2015年），而中国海岸线的硬化比例近60%（2014年）。海岸硬化会引起滨海湿地重要物理、化学和生物过程的改变，生境丧失和破碎化，以及生物连通性的改变。增加硬化设施的结构复杂性或由混合型海岸代替传统硬化海岸可以减轻海岸硬化对滨海湿地生态系统的威胁，但对硬质海岸和混合型海岸的生态服务功能以及抵御风暴能力的评估还比较缺乏，有待进一步研究。     

一种改进的开关磁阻电机磁链模型

开关磁阻电机(SRM)特殊的结构使建立其磁链模型比较困难。根据SRM运行的周期特点,从数学角度用傅里叶级数模型对其进行解析,通过权系数将傅里叶级数模型与传统指数模型结合,得到一个新的改进模型。用提出的改进模型与指数函数模型、傅里叶级数模型分别对Ansoft Maxwell仿真得到的磁链数据进行拟合。对比解析结果,证明提出的改进模型具有更高的解析精度,适合解析磁链。