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1.
The impact of increasing temperatures on the population dynamics of the soil-dwelling nematode Globodera pallida, a persistent and economically important pest of potatoes, was investigated. The reproductive factor (final population⁄initial population) and length of life cycle were found to be temperature sensitive. Pot experiments performed over 4 months allowed comparison of the effect on development of G. pallida of two temperature regimes: an average temperature comparable to current field conditions (14.3 °C) and an average temperature above current field conditions (17.3 °C). A larger second generation of juveniles was observed at 17.3 °C compared to 14.3 °C. Multiplication of G. pallida at field sites in Shropshire and East Lothian (average soil temperatures of 15.5 and 14.1 °C, respectively, during potato cropping) was also examined. A quantitative PCR assay and visual examination of roots were used to monitor the dynamics of the G. pallida populations in both field sites at 4-weekly intervals. Four cultivars, Desirée, Cara, Maris Piper and Estima, were grown with and without nematicide treatments. Nematicide treatments suppressed population increases at both sites. Females were observed on the roots of cvs Cara and Desirée at the end of the growing season in Shropshire, but not at East Lothian, and are likely to represent a second generation.  相似文献   
2.
  目的  在中国快速城镇化背景下,北京市边缘地区的生态环境不断恶化,绿化隔离带成为控制北京市建成区无序扩张、改善城市生态环境的手段,在绿化隔离带范围内建设郊野公园是落实规划的有效途径。郊野公园的核心目标是在生态保育的同时提供少量的游憩活动,因此对于绿化隔离带范围内生境质量高的区域进行保护应作为郊野公园选址的基础原则。  方法  本文在总结国内外学者相关研究的基础上,以北京市第二道绿化隔离地区为例,构建生境保护优先的郊野公园选址框架,利用InVEST评价模型对研究区域的生境质量进行评价,根据生境质量指数将生境划分为低生境、一般生境、中生境、高生境、极重要生境5个等级。以模型评价结果中极重要生境地区作为郊野公园选址的基础原则选取生境保护优先的备选区范围,叠加周边公园资源、已建和拟建郊野公园、土地利用规划、基本农田保护规划、城市道路网可达性和土地利用现状6个外部建设条件和内部开发条件的指标因子选出适宜建设的区域,再根据植被覆盖类型的空间数据划定所选区域内的生境斑块群类型,最终完成研究区域内生境保护优先型郊野公园的选址和分类。  结果  不同类型的生境空间分布呈现一定差异性,根据不同生境划定混交林、灌丛、阔叶林或针叶林、农田、农田与纯林以及滨水6种类型的郊野公园,在通州区碱厂村、昌平区史家桥村、房山区梨村等村镇划定共41处以生境保护优先的郊野公园用地范围。  结论  以生境保护优先的郊野公园选址方法具有明显的空间定量化优势,其评价结果可以为北京市第二道绿化隔离地区的郊野公园选址提供科学依据。   相似文献   
3.
采用田间试验的方法,通过对陕北地区矮化(自根砧M9-T337)富士一年生长量及其土壤含水量的测定,收集长时间序列气象资料,根据彭曼公式计算得出山地苹果幼树的潜在腾发量ETc与当年降水量进行对比,进而得出试验区第2年生幼树的需水规律。结果表明:在2017年的降水量条件下,试验区内降水量总和大于幼树需水量之和,但是在7月之前存在阶段性缺水问题;进一步分析得出,不管在湿润年、一般年、一般干旱年和特干旱年降水量条件下,由于陕北地区降水的时间分布不均匀性,虽然年内降水量足够满足果树生长所需水量,但在7月之前存在较为严重的水量亏缺,特干旱年甚至在10月之前都存在着水量亏缺,需要在果树萌芽前(3月)、枝条旺长期(4月)、花芽分化期(5,6月)以及开花期(7月)进行人为补充灌溉4~5次,根据前期降水量以及当前土壤含水量来确定灌水定额,灌水量范围选取果园田间持水量的60%~80%为标准。  相似文献   
4.
Undernutrition induces an increase of the oxidative stress that can predispose offspring to various diseases in adulthood through epigenetic reprogramming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intergenerational undernutrition on protein oxidation and antioxidant defence response on liver, heart and brain of the second‐generation neonates (F2) of undernourished rats. For this purpose, both parents in parental (F0) and first generation (F1) were fed with a low‐nutrient diet. Body mass and length decreased (p < 0.05) in F0, F1 and F2 being the F1 males who exhibited a greater mass loss. A decrease in plasma albumin concentration was observed in F2 neonates (p < 0.05) and also a mass loss of liver, heart and brain (p < 0.05), although proportionally to body length reduction. Undernutrition increased levels of protein oxidation in liver and heart (p < 0.05) but not in brain (p > 0.05) while catalase activity increased only in brain (p < 0.05). In summary, intergenerational undernutrition modifies the antioxidant status through an organ‐specific response, on F2 neonate rats, where the brain increased catalase activity to prevent a severe oxidative damage and support the vital functions of this key organ to maintain vital functions.  相似文献   
5.
Maternal colouration based on carotenoids has been proposed to negatively affect offspring quality in several taxa, since females might trade off their limited carotenoid resources between body colouration and eggs. This study investigated in the ornamental “red cherry” shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) the relationship between maternal colouration and female reproductive performance, as well as offspring quality. Females selected displayed a broad array of body colour, from less coloured to intensely red coloured and were paired with transparent males. The first two spawning events of each female were studied and compared. The number of newly hatched juveniles was associated to maternal weight, but not to maternal colouration. Offspring quality was measured in terms of survival at the end of the 90‐day growth period, weight and length increment for 0–30 days and 30–60 days periods, and protein, lipid and glycogen contents in 30‐day‐old offspring. Yet, neither of these variables was associated to maternal colouration. These results indicate that there is no trade‐off between maternal colouration and offspring quality in this species. Furthermore, no association was found between maternal and offspring colouration, evaluated at a similar age. However, body colouration in 180‐day old females was significantly higher than in 90‐day‐old females, indicating that female colouration is strongly influenced by age.  相似文献   
6.
湖南省洞口县第二例牛尿素中毒,制做了简易竹洞针,进行左赚部套洞针(竹洞针)穿刺术放气,灌入食醋,葡萄糖输液等抢救和治疗方案。牛场存栏328头,239头中毒,发病率72.9%,治疗239头,治愈216头,治愈率90.4%,较首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,降低9.6个百分点,瘤胃膨气病病牛128头,治愈105头,治愈率82.0%,较洞口县首例牛尿素中毒病例治愈率100%,下降18.0个百分点。并对牛瘤胃膨气病最佳抢救时间和尿素养牛正确用量用法进行了探索,供同行参考  相似文献   
7.
国土空间规划是生态文明建设的重要内容,也是国土空间治理体系现代化的基础,探讨在国土空间背景下的绿色空间体系规划、划定严格的空间保护建设等级和严格分类管理,对于国土资源统筹保护和修复具有重要的意义。文章以北京市二道绿隔平原区为研究区域,首先提出适用于二道绿隔地区的绿色空间定义;其次从基质完形、廊道构建和斑块保护3方面构建完整的绿色空间体系;最后综合提出绿色空间体系的优化对策。  相似文献   
8.
Calcium ions(Ca2+) act as an intracellular second messenger and affect nearly all aspects of cellular life. They are functioned by interacting with polar auxin transport, and the negative phototropism of plant roots is caused by the transport of auxin from the irradiated side to the shaded side of the roots. To clarify the role of calcium signaling in the modulation of rice root negative phototropism, as well as the relationship between polar auxin transport and calcium signaling, calcium signaling reagents were used to treat rice seminal roots which were cultivated in hydroculture and unilaterally illuminated at an intensity of 100–200 μmol/(m2·s) for 24 h. Negative phototropism curvature and growth rate of rice roots were both promoted by exogenous CaCl2 lower than 100 μmol/L, but inhibited by calcium channel blockers(verapamil and LaCl3), calcineurin inhibitor(chlorpromazine, CPZ), and polar auxin transport inhibitor(N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA). Roots stopped growing and negative phototropism disappeared when the concentrations increased to 100 μmol/L verapamil, 12.500 μmol/L LaCl3, 60 μmol/L CPZ, and 6 μmol/L NPA. Moreover, 100 μmol/L CaCl2 could relieve the inhibition of LaCl3, verapamil and NPA. The enhanced negative phototropism curvature was caused by the transportation of more auxin from the irradiated side to the shaded side in the presence of exogenous Ca2+. Calcium signaling plays a key role as a second messenger in the process of light signal regulation of rice root growth and negative phototropism.  相似文献   
9.
不同药剂对铜绿丽金龟卵和幼虫室内药效及毒力测定   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
11种杀虫剂对铜绿丽金龟卵和幼虫室内药效及毒力测定结果表明,25%吡虫·辛硫磷乳油、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂对铜绿丽金龟卵具有相对较好的防治效果;40%甲基异柳磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油、40%氧化乐果乳油、90%敌百虫原药、40%毒死蜱乳油、25%吡虫·辛硫磷乳油、10%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂对铜绿丽金龟二龄幼虫均具有较高的持久防效;吡虫啉与辛硫磷复配防治铜绿丽金卵和二龄幼虫有显著的增效作用。  相似文献   
10.
[目的]明确兴安盟草地螟2代幼虫的发生规律并建立2代幼虫与气象因子的预测模型。[方法]选取1980~2015年草地螟监测资料和同期气象资料,采用相关分析和典型年份对比分析法,研究影响草地螟2代幼虫发生的关键气象因子及气象指标,并采用气象因子加权方法建立2代幼虫发生的气象等级预报模型。[结果]影响草地螟2代幼虫发生的关键气象因子为温度、降雨量、相对湿度、降雨日数和高温日数。当1代成虫出现蛾峰后1~10 d平均气温22.0~24.0℃、降雨量30~100 mm、相对湿度60%~80%、降雨日数6~8d、无高温日数时,最适宜草地螟1代成虫产卵、孵化和2代幼虫发生;而1代成虫出现蛾峰后1~10 d持续低温多雨(高湿)或者高温少雨(低湿)天气会明显抑制草地螟1代成虫产卵和孵化,导致2代幼虫轻发生甚至不发生;模型检验结果表明,有草地螟1代成虫监测资料的8 a中,适宜发生(1级)和不适宜发生(3级)的回代结果与实际完全相符(占88%),较适宜发生(2级)的回代结果与实际相差1个等级(占12%),说明模型预报气象等级1级和3级效果较好。[结论]研究结果为开展草地螟2代幼虫气象预报提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
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