Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.     

Effect of conservation agriculture on soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration and lability: A study from a rice–wheat cropping system on a calcareous soil of the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Increasing soil carbon (C) in arable soils is an important strategy to achieve sustainable yields and mitigate climate change. We investigated changes in soil organic and inorganic carbon (SOC and SIC) under conservation agriculture (CA) in a calcareous soil of the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. The treatments were as follows: conventional-till rice and wheat (CT-CT), CT rice and zero-till wheat (CT-ZT), ZT direct seeded rice (DSR) and CT wheat (ZT-CT), ZTDSR and ZT wheat without crop residue retention (ZT-ZT), ZT-ZT with residue (ZT-ZT+R), and DSR and wheat both on permanent beds with residue (PB-PB+R). The ZT-ZT+R had the highest total SOC in both 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil layers (20% and 40% higher (p < .05) than CT-CT, respectively), whereas total SIC decreased by 11% and 15% in the respective layers under ZT-ZT+R compared with CT-CT. Non-labile SOC was the largest pool, followed by very labile, labile and less labile SOC. The benefits of ZT and residue retention were greatest for very labile SOC, which showed a significant (p < .05) increase (~50%) under ZT-ZT+R compared with CT-CT. The ZT-ZT+R sequestered ~2 Mg ha⁻¹ total SOC in the 0–15 cm soil layer in 6 years, where CT registered significant losses. Thus, the adoption of CA should be recommended in calcareous soils, for C sequestration, and also as a reclamation technique.     

不同处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响

为研究不同发芽床和清水浸种时间对柴胡种子萌发的影响,以种子萌发启动日、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指标、霉烂率为测量指标,20℃恒温自然光照培养箱中开展了柴胡种子发芽试验。结果表明,不同发芽床基质处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响有显著性差异,其中以纱布处理柴胡种子的各项测量指标均显著高于其他处理;清水浸种不仅能够促使柴胡种子提早萌发,而且能够提高柴胡种子发芽率,浸种12 h柴胡种子的发芽率及发芽势最高,分别可达67.67%±3.21%和56.00%±9.54%,与未浸泡对照相比提高了约35、34个百分点。说明柴胡种子用清水浸种预处理12 h,以纱布为发芽床,在20℃恒温条件下培养,可有效提高柴胡种子萌发率,促进种子提早萌发,实际生产中可以用清水浸种后再进行播种。     

养殖模式对冬季商品肉鸭舍温湿指数的影响

选择1日龄健康樱桃谷SM3系商品代肉鸭18 490羽,随机分为网上(N组)和发酵床上(B组)2组进行饲养,监测冬季一个完全生长周期内(42d)鸭舍温度(T)、相对湿度(RH)及温湿指数(THI)变化,探讨不同养殖模式对商品肉鸭舍温湿指数的影响。结果表明:N组和B组舍内平均温度均明显高于平均气温;N组舍内温度全部高于B组,N组平均温度比B组高8.32℃,差异显著(P0.05)。N组和B组舍内相对湿度均明显高于室外;N组舍内平均相对湿度比B组高2.47%,无显著性差异(P0.05)。试验期N组有16d处于热应激状态,B组有6d处于冷应激状态。结果提示,在北方寒冷气候下网上供暖养殖模式能为商品肉鸭提供更舒适的温湿度条件。     

抗菌肽对发酵床饲养仔猪抗氧化指标、免疫指标及肠道主要菌群数量的影响

为研究发酵床饲养模式下饲粮中添加抗菌肽对仔猪生长性能、抗氧化指标、免疫指标及盲肠主要菌群数量的影响,选用108头35日龄,体重13kg左右的健康苏钟猪,随机分为3组,每组3重复,每重复12头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+40mg/kg杆菌肽锌+20mg/kg硫酸抗敌素(抗生素组)和基础饲粮+300 mg/kg抗菌肽(抗菌肽组),试验期49d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著提高仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),极显著降低肝脏丙二醛含量(P0.01);抗菌肽组肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比抗生素组极显著提高(P0.01)。(2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够极显著提高仔猪十二指肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P0.01);抗菌肽组仔猪血清IgA含量分别比对照组和抗生素组提高4.03%、2.27%,抗菌肽组空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量比对照组提高10.70%,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著降低仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P0.05);细菌总数降低5.98%,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加300mg/kg的抗菌肽能够提高仔猪抗氧化和免疫功能;减少仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌数量,而对盲肠有益菌群无不良影响。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对发酵床饲养仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪生长性能、胰腺和小肠黏膜消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响。选用108头体重13kg左右的35日龄健康苏钟猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+40mg/kg杆菌肽锌+20mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)、基础日粮+300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(益生菌组)的试验日粮。预试期7d,正试期52d。结果表明:1与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够在一定程度上提高仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量,降低料重比,但各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。2与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够极显著提高仔猪胰腺中淀粉酶活性、十二指肠黏膜中麦芽糖酶活性和空肠黏膜中乳糖酶活性(P0.01),十二指肠黏膜和空肠黏膜中蔗糖酶活性显著提高(P0.05)。3与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够显著提高仔猪盲肠芽孢杆菌数量(P0.05);乳酸杆菌数量较对照组提高4.09%,大肠杆菌数量较对照组降低4.86%,但均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,日粮中添加300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌能够提高发酵床饲养仔猪胰腺、小肠黏膜消化酶活性及盲肠芽孢杆菌数量,同时仔猪生长性能也在一定程度上有所改善。     

连续平压热压机的进展

论述了发展连续平压热压机的背景、必要性以及国外同类技术的详细情况,同时介绍了我国目前研究连续平压热压机的现状和迫切性。     

净化生活污水的浮床植物筛选

【目的】筛选出目前对生活污水净化效果较好的浮床植物。【方法】以14种湖南常见的草本和木本植物为材料,监测了污水处理过程中植物的株高、根系结构和生物量等生长指标,CODcr、TN、NH3-N、TP等水质指标的动态变化,并进行了植物的生长指标与水质净化指标的相关性分析。【结果】1)大部分植物均有较强的生长能力,其中水葱、水蕹菜的株高具有显著性优势(P <0.05);美人蕉、再力花、菖蒲和梭鱼草均表现出极强的生根能力,其根长增长率分别为390%、293.33%、286.67%和270%;植物的生物量增长率在5.1%~500.7%之间,其中菖蒲、美人蕉、水蕹菜和再力花的生物量具有显著性优势(P <0.05)。2)无植物对照组对污染物的去除率明显低于有植物处理组,处理时间的长短对污染物的净化效果具有显著差异性(P <0.05),且主要表现为早期对污染物净化速率快。所有植物处理对CODcr、TN、NH3-N、TP的平均净化率比无植物对照组分别提高了6.30%~36.80%、11.92%~20.97%、22.92%~29.28%、5.51%~41.24%,其中,美人蕉对CODcr的净净化率高达36.80%,水蕹菜对TN、TP的净化效果表现出显著性优势(P <0.05),梭鱼草则对NH3-N具有较好的净化能力。3)根据筛选指标的平均隶属函数值对14种草本和木本植物进行聚类分析,可将植物分为高、中、低净化能力植物三大类,高净化能力植物:梭鱼草、菖蒲、美人蕉、鸢尾、水蕹菜和再力花。中等净化能力植物:花菖蒲、旱伞草、黄菖蒲、花叶芦竹和水葱。低净化能力植物:冬青、女贞和月季。【结论】草本植物中的梭鱼草、菖蒲、美人蕉、鸢尾、水蕹菜和再力花以及木本植物中的冬青对生活污水具有较高的净化能力,适合用作生活污水处理的浮床植物。     

PVC管道或砌护渠道输水与开沟灌溉相结合的造林方法及效果

开沟灌溉造林与大田平灌相比，具有总体用水量少，局部给水量多的特点，能够显著地提高灌溉效率，提高造林成活率和林木生长量。同时，利用管道和砌护渠道输水，可防止渗漏，提高水的利用率。