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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a treatment protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs. DESIGN: A study was undertaken to assess clinical responses in 24 dogs diagnosed with one or more of three behavioural disorders stated above to a treatment regimen that included clomipramine and behaviour modification. PROCEDURE: A detailed behavioural and clinical history was obtained for each dog. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was diagnosed in nine cases: primary presenting complaints were tail-chasing, shadow-chasing, circling and chewing; one case was diagnosed with concurrent separation anxiety. Separation anxiety was diagnosed in 14 cases: presenting complaints included destruction, vocalisation and escaping in the absence of the owner; four cases also exhibited noise phobia. The study also included one dog diagnosed with noise phobia only and another with inappropriate fear responses. Clomipramine was administered orally twice daily. The starting dose was 1 to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The dose was increased incrementally to a maximum of 4 mg/kg if needed. A behaviour modification program was designed and the owner instructed on its implementation. Dogs continued medication for at least 1 month after clinical signs disappeared or were acceptably reduced, then withdrawal of medication was attempted by decreasing drug dosage at weekly intervals while behaviour modification continued. RESULTS: The presenting clinical sign was largely improved or disappeared in 16 dogs, 5 demonstrated slight to moderate improvement and the behaviour was unchanged in 3. Clomipramine withdrawal was attempted in nine cases: this was successful in five. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine was effective and well-tolerated in controlling signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or separation anxiety and/or noise phobia in 16 of 24 assessable cases, when used in combination with behaviour modification, and improvement in clinical signs was noted in 5 others. 相似文献
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最新介孔氧化硅材料的狭窄孔径分布和高度的表面面积,被用作吸附剂来分离食品生物活性分子。这些介孔氧化硅材料可由孔径一致的物料合成,目前关于此方面的研究主要集中在它们的合成、特性和催化的应用。然而,最近的研究表明,其作为生物吸附剂,具有足够的能力和容量,在水中有足够的稳定性,这表明它有应用于食品成分分离的潜力,可应用于食品工业。综述了介孔氧化硅材料分离功能活食品成分的最新研究进展。 相似文献
4.
在研究二苯碳酰二肼测定铬的反应机理的同时,对使用同一消化浪测定土样中铬和钛的可行洼进行了试验,结果认为,采用H_2SO_4—H_3PO_4—HNP_3体系消化土壤样品,消化液可分别用二苯碳酰二肼比色法测铬和用二安替比林甲烷比色法测钛。经对全国不同地区的五个土样用本法与常规测铬法的对照试验,得到一致的结果。作者还发现,使用不同纯度级的二苯碳酰二肼得到不同的结果,认为必须使用分析纯级以上的试剂。 根据对络台物的可见一紫外吸收光谱的研究和其他试验结果,并结合前入的电泳试验等结果,阐述了二苯碳酰二肼测定铬的反应机理。 相似文献
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This meta‐analysis based on 19 studies from Finland comprising 43 grass silages was undertaken to evaluate the effect of silage quality on liquid yield, liquid composition and retained compounds in liquid using four different liquid–solid separation methods. Silages were classified according to species (grass, clover or a mixture of them), additive treatment (no, biological or formic acid‐based additive) and harvest (primary growth or regrowth). A mixed model regression analysis with random study effect was used to evaluate the impact of silage characteristics on biorefinery efficiency. There was a large variation in silage quality in the data set. Silage dry‐matter concentration was the characteristic most highly correlated with liquid yield for all separation methods, and when used as an independent variable in the model, it resulted in the best predictions. The liquid–solid separation methods presented a great variation in the liquid yield, ranging from 0.26 to 0.56 when silage dry‐matter concentration was standardized to 250 g/kg. There was no effect of additive treatment and harvest in the estimation of the biorefinery potential, but species was a significant variable in predicting liquid yield for the laboratory‐scale presses with higher liquid yield for mixed grass and legume. The high correlation between silage quality and liquid yield and liquid composition provides potential to predict the biorefinery potential based on equations developed for each separation method. This information can be used to modify the silage production systems so that they best meet the requirements of a green biorefinery process. 相似文献
6.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):231-243
The determination of several trace elements [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was evaluated. It was established experimentally that moderate amounts (0.2–2%) of dissolved solids decreased the analyte signals significantly. Internal standardization with Rh was efficiently used to compensate for these matrix effects. The accuracy of the method was verified using reference materials digested according to two different procedures: dry ashing and microwave digestion. No significant differences were observed between measured concentrations and certified values. The investigation was next extended for the determination of major elements [aluminum (Al), boron (B), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn)] on the same reference materials. The ICP‐MS values agree well with the values supplied. However, it appeared that Sc was the most useful internal standard for major elements. 相似文献
7.
河川基流分割法在山丘区地下水资源量评价中的运用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山丘区河川基流分割方法很多,采用不同方法的分割成果不尽相同。在地下水资源评价中,根据云南省自然地理独特,气候复杂多样,降水量丰沛,洪水频繁,河川径流过程线普遍呈连续多峰型的特性,寻求一种既能满足水资源综合规划要求,又符合云南实际分割河川基流量的方法,是地下水资源评价中的重要内容。采用适宜水均衡法和直线斜割法的径流资料分割河川基流量,求出两种方法之间的换算系数,修正水均衡法的分割成果,一是达到了以直线斜割法统一分割河川基流量的目的;二是提高了山丘区地下水资源量评价的精度,为探索山丘区地下水资源量及时空分布规律提供技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
Haruka YAMANE Shozo TOMONAGA Yousuke TSUNEYOSHI D. Michael DENBOW Mitsuhiro FURUSE 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):291-295
Recently, we reported that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of reduced glutathione (GSH) induces hypnotic and sedative effects under an acute stressful condition in chicks. However, no information is available on the effects of GSH on energy expenditure (EE) under stressful conditions. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether i.c.v. injection of GSH affects EE of neonatal chicks, and whether EE is correlated with behavioral changes after isolation-induced stress. The EE was rapidly decreased by i.c.v. injection of GSH, but was increased 27 min after injection. This change in EE was correlated with behavioral changes in which GSH induced hypnotic and sedative effects shortly after injection, followed by a period in which activity increased. The present study demonstrates that central GSH initially causes lowered EE through hypnotic and sedative effects under an acute stressful condition in chicks. 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨固态酶制剂评估中酶的适宜提取液及固-液分离方法。采用4×3双因素完全随机设计,其中提取液分别为去离子水、乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,p H 5.50)、磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05 mol/L,p H 6.00)和0.9%Na Cl溶液;溶液提取后的固-液分离方法分别为不分离、3 000 r/min离心3 min和中速滤纸过滤。每个处理5个重复,每个重复设2个平行,测定各个处理下酶的活性,并考察提取液的类型对酶制剂产品(α-半乳糖苷酶除外)溶解离心后溶液中溶质及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,磷酸盐缓冲液溶解木聚糖酶后活性最高(P0.05);乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液及0.9%Na Cl溶液溶解β-葡聚糖酶后活性相当(P0.05),且均显著地高于去离子水(P0.05);去离子水溶解β-甘露聚糖酶后活性最高,其次为乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液,两者都显著地高于磷酸盐缓冲液和0.9%Na Cl溶液(P0.05)。提取液类型对α-半乳糖苷酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。酶制剂溶解后的固-液分离方法对木聚糖酶的测定活性无显著性影响(P0.05);提取液离心或过滤后β-葡聚糖酶活性最高(P0.05);提取液离心后β-甘露聚糖酶活性最高(P0.05);而提取液不分离时α-半乳糖苷酶的活性最高(P0.05)。提取液的种类和酶制剂溶解后的固-液分离方法对4种非淀粉多糖酶的测定活性有极显著的交互作用(P0.01)。乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液对木聚糖酶制剂的溶解度最大(P0.05),去离子水和0.9%Na Cl溶液均对β-葡聚糖酶及β-甘露聚糖酶制剂的溶解度最大(P0.05)。然而,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液溶解木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶后提取液中蛋白质的含量均最低(P0.05)。上述结果表明,乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液溶解4种固态酶制剂可以最有效地将酶蛋白提取出来,α-半乳糖苷酶提取后不宜固液分离,而其他3种酶的提取液适宜进行离心分离。 相似文献