T7 RNA多聚酶基因的克隆、序列测定及其在E.coli中的表达

从BL21(DE3)E．coli菌株中以PCR的方法扩增得到了与T7RNA多聚酶(T7RNApolymerase，T7pol)基因大小一致的DNA片断。将PCR产物纯化后直接克隆到pGEM—T载体中，经酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析表明克隆得到了正确的T7pol基因。将T7pol基因亚克隆入pET-28b( )中，构建得到原核表达质粒pET28T7。该质粒的BL21(DE3)pLysS转化菌在IPTG的诱导下可表达约98800的蛋白，这与T7pol的相对分子质量一致。将该质粒转化DH5α、JMl09、HBl01、BL21(DE3)和BL21(DE3)pLysS等5种不同的宿主菌，仅有转化T7pol酶活性受到抑制的宿主菌BL21(DE3)pLysS才能得到转化子，而其余4种T7T7pol酶活性不受抑制的E．coli宿主菌不能得到转化子。pET28T7原核表达质粒这种仅能在T7pol酶活性受到抑制的宿主菌中才能存活的现象说明本试验所克隆的T7pol基因能正确表达出具有RNA转录酶活性的蛋白。     

鸡Rab6基因的克隆和特征分析

Rab是真核生物细胞器进行物质交换和信息传递重要的小分子结合蛋白。研究采用RT-PCR方法从22周龄母鸡脂肪组织中克隆了Rab6基因的cDNA序列。序列长度为774bp,包含1个627bp完整的CDS,编码208个氨基酸。该序列(Genbank No:DQ470138)与鸭、人、小鼠、狗的Rab6有85.8%～93.1%的同源性,而相应蛋白的同源性达97.6%以上。蛋白预测的分子量和等电点分别为23490Da、5.42,与鸭、人、小鼠、狗的Rab6蛋白高度相似,在78～102氨基酸处有1个跨膜结构。分析结果表明Rab6基因及其蛋白质在动物进化中是高度保守的。     

低咖啡因茶树品系的RAPD分析及特异片段的克隆

对12份来源不同和咖啡碱含量不同的茶树种质资源进行RAPD分析,筛选出品种(株系)唯一扩增的RAPD位点16个,这些位点可以作为品种(株系)鉴定的特异分子标记;对S43.04序列进行测序,该序列为752bp的核苷酸序列,具有编码40个氨基酸的开放阅读框,其相同氨基酸残基与β-半乳糖苷酶的同源性为72%。     

裙带菜配子体与孢子体的附生微生物群落组成分析

裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)是一种重要的大型褐藻,具有较高的经济和食用价值。藻类的附生微生物既能通过代谢产物调控宿主藻类的生长发育,特定条件下又可能导致病害。了解裙带菜附生微生物群落组成对研究裙带菜与附生微生物间的相互作用、种质资源的有效保存以及防治藻类病害等有重要意义。现有研究大多集中于海带和紫菜,关于裙带菜的附生微生物,特别是不同生活史的对比研究还很少。本研究通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序发现,裙带菜配子体和孢子体的附生细菌群落组成有明显差异,配子体样品中的细菌群落丰度和多样性均大于孢子体。配子体中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(66.67%)为第一优势菌门,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(13.48%)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)(11.13%),α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(34.58%)为第一优势菌纲,其次为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)(31.01%);而孢子体中蓝细菌门(95.67%)占绝对优势,其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(1.65%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(1.48%)。裙带菜样品经18S rRNA基因测序检测出链形植物(Streptophyta)、纤毛虫门(Intramacronucleata)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、顶复亚门(Apicomplexa)、节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、脊索动物门(Chordata)、腹毛动物门(Gastrotricha)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota),其中,担子菌门、子囊菌门和毛霉菌门属于真菌,孢子体的真核微生物群落丰度大于配子体。本研究确定了裙带菜配子体和孢子体附生微生物群落组成以及不同细菌和真核微生物的相对丰度,结果表明,2个世代之间存在显著差异,为后续研究藻类宿主与微生物之间的相互作用、提高海带目褐藻种质保存技术提供了基础的数据支持。     

基于高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记及其在蛋鸡生产中的精准应用

高通量测序技术是研究物种复杂生物性状遗传机制的基础,随着高通量测序技术的不断优化提升,一些与生物表型性状密切相关的基因组变异被精准地挖掘出来,其中包括单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)、小片段的插入或缺失(Indel)、拷贝数变异(CNV)以及结构变异(SV)为代表的分子标记。与传统遗传标记相比较,分子遗传标记具有多态性高、遍布整个基因组、检测手段简单快捷以及成本低廉的特点。通过检测覆盖全基因组范围内的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体或群体遗传资源进行评估,能够缩短世代间隔、提高选种的准确性,进而在短期内取得较大的遗传进展。作者从高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记角度入手,综述了三代测序技术发展历程和应用领域以及三代分子遗传标记检测技术在蛋鸡种业创新中的应用,并详细阐述了高通量测序技术与分子遗传标记相结合在蛋鸡群体遗传多样性及进化分类、群体遗传图谱的构建和功能基因定位、数量性状形成的遗传机制解析和质量性状形成的遗传机制解析等4个方面的精准应用,以期为蛋鸡基因组选择进入实质应用阶段提供科学依据和指导。     

猪殃殃对AHAS抑制剂靶标抗性的快速分子检测

为建立猪殃殃靶标抗性快速检测方法,并明确小麦田猪殃殃Galium aparine var.tenerum对AHAS抑制剂靶标的突变类型及分布,从河南、陕西、安徽、江苏和山东5省不同田块采集疑似对AHAS抑制剂产生抗性的猪殃殃植株,采用特异性引物PCR扩增靶标酶AHAS基因保守区片段,并以直接测序法检测采集样品,通过与拟南芥AHAS基因序列比对分析后明确其突变位点。结果显示,在5省25个农田的样品中共有19个农田检测到AHAS突变,分布在河南、安徽和江苏3省;在检测样品中发现突变发生在2个位点,共有3种突变类型,分别是197位脯氨酸(CCC)突变为丙氨酸(GCC)或丝氨酸(TCC),或者是574位色氨酸(TGG)突变为亮氨酸(TTG),检测结果与田间药效反应基本一致。这种用特异性引物扩增目的片段测序的方法,由于其可以在生长当季进行检测,适用于田间靶标突变抗性猪殃殃的快速检测与监测。     

Identification of divergent variants of Grapevine virus A

Eight isolates of Grapevine virus A (GVA), which induced different symptoms in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, were recovered from various grapevines. The dsRNA patterns of two isolates, which consistently induced mild vein clearing (referred here as mild isolates of GVA) were similar, but different from those of other isolates of GVA. Analysis based on overall nucleotide (nt) sequence identity in the 3 terminal part of the GVA genome, comprising part of ORF3 (putative movement protein, MP), entire ORF4 (capsid protein, CP), entire ORF5 and part of 3 UTR, revealed that GVA isolates separate into three groups (I, II, III), sharing 91.0–99.8% nt sequence identity within groups and 78.0–89.3% nt sequence identity between groups. Mild isolates of the virus were group III and shared only 78.0–79.6% nt sequence identity with the other isolates. The comparison of predicted amino acid sequences for MP and CP revealed many amino acid alterations, revealing distinct local net charges of these proteins for mild isolates of the virus. Based on both conserved and divergent nt regions in the CP and ORF5, oligonucleotide primers were designed for the simultaneous RT-PCR detection of all GVA isolates and for the specific detection of the most divergent virus variants represented here by mild isolates of the virus.     

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染的诊断及其分子特点

采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理学检查、病毒分离、分离毒株测序以及遗传演化分析的方法,对北京及其周边地区4个猪场剖检的4头猪进行分析。结果:流行病学和临床症状表现为急性高热性传染病;病理学观察为非化脓性脑炎和间质性肺炎等多器官严重的病理变化;RT-PCR和病毒分离确定该疫情的主要病原是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)。与典型PRRSV感染不同的是:成年猪感染率达50%以上,病死率达80%以上;PRRSV分离株全基因序列分析表明属于PRRSV北美洲型,特别是PRRSV NSP2不连续缺失30个氨基酸,说明此次流行的PRRSV毒株可能为高致病性毒株。