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1.
为研究三江源地区不同退化程度的高寒草原土壤团聚体和种间亲和性特征,以轻度、中度、重度和极度退化草地为研究对象,对土壤特征和群落特征进行测定。结果表明:随着退化程度的加剧,同一土层相同粒径土壤颗粒的分形维数逐渐减小,>0.5 mm粒径土壤团聚体占比下降、平均重量直径减小,<0.5 mm粒径土壤颗粒的平均重量直径增大,各粒径团聚体分布受土层深度影响较小;中度退化草地物种多样性最高,其种间相关性也最为复杂;随退化程度加剧,正联结种对占比增大,而负联结种对占比下降,种对间的相关性和性质也发生显著变化;退化过程中土壤沙化明显,群落建群种发生变化、杂类草比例显著增加,种对间相关性趋于简单,种间竞争强度逐渐降低。因此,在草地退化过程中维持群落种间亲和性,可有效遏制土壤沙化和草原进一步退化。  相似文献   
2.
本试验对三江源区不同高寒草地植物中6种矿物元素(钾K,钙Ca,钠Na,镁Mg,锌Zn,铁Fe)的含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明:植物中K元素含量为7.314~12.803 g·kg-1之间,Ca元素含量为2.851~6.823 g·kg-1之间,Na元素含量为64.404~185.553 mg·kg-1之间,Mg元素含量为1.272~2.655 g·kg-1之间,Zn元素含量为14.718~51.387 mg·kg-1之间,Fe元素含量为161.056~531.677 mg·kg-1之间;豆科(Leguminosae)植物和杂类草(Forbs)矿物元素含量显著高于禾本科(Gramineae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)植物;植物中K元素与Mg元素、Ca元素与Na元素、Ca元素与Zn元素、Na元素与Zn元素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),Ca元素与Fe元素、Mg元素与Fe元素之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);根据美国国家研究理事会(National research council,NRC)绵羊日粮矿物元素需求标准,三江源区各草地植物中Na,Zn元素相对缺乏,其它4种元素均能满足放牧藏羊的矿物营养需求。  相似文献   
3.
Historical data are widely used in river ecology to define reference conditions or to investigate the evolution of aquatic systems. Most studies rely on printed documents from the 19th century, thus missing pre‐industrial states and human impacts. This article discusses historical sources that can be used to reconstruct the development of riverine fish communities from the Late Middle Ages until the mid‐20th century. Based on the studies of the Austrian Danube and northern Russian rivers, we propose a classification scheme of printed and archival sources and describe their fish ecological contents. Five types of sources were identified using the origin of sources as the first criterion: (i) early scientific surveys, (ii) fishery sources, (iii) fish trading sources, (iv) fish consumption sources and (v) cultural representations of fish. Except for early scientific surveys, all these sources were produced within economic and administrative contexts. They did not aim to report about historical fish communities, but do contain information about commercial fish and their exploitation. All historical data need further analysis for a fish ecological interpretation. Three case studies from the investigated Austrian and Russian rivers demonstrate the use of different source types and underline the necessity for a combination of different sources and a methodology combining different disciplinary approaches. Using a large variety of historical sources to reconstruct the development of past fish ecological conditions can support future river management by going beyond the usual approach of static historical reference conditions.  相似文献   
4.
近年来,对于长江、淮河等重要干支流河道非法采砂的治理,取得了一定的成效,但中小河道非法采砂屡禁不止,严重影响着行洪安全及流域生态环境。该文以桐城市大沙河为例,分析了中小河道非法采砂的成因及危害,并初步探究了治理对策。  相似文献   
5.
三江源区不同退化高寒草甸土壤碳分布特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在青海省三江源区选择了甘德县青珍乡高寒草甸典型样区,划分了5种不同退化程度的样地(原生植被UD、轻度退化LD、中度退化MD、重度退化HD、极度退化ED),10 cm等深度采集表土(0~30 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤总碳、有机碳和无机碳含量变化。结果表明,研究区内高寒草甸土壤的表土总碳和有机碳含量出现极大的变异性,随退化程度的加剧而呈显著下降,有机碳含量的下降幅度更大。与原生植被相比,轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化样地0-30 cm土壤总碳含量分别平均降低了7.4%、12.2%、16.1%和17.7%,土壤有机碳含量分别平均降低了21.7%、39.7%、67.4%和79.6%,随土层的加深和退化程度的加剧,无机碳的含量在迅速地增加。总的来看,表层土壤碳含量在生态系统退化情况下的变化最剧烈。随退化程度的加剧,高寒草甸土壤有机碳含量下降迅速,占总碳含量的比例由87.2%减少到11.6%,有机碳损失严重。  相似文献   
6.
  1. Glossy, broad‐leaved, evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests are found mainly in humid subtropical regions of East Asia and are recognized as a biodiverse biome harbouring numerous endemic species. To date, however, few studies have considered the conservation importance of rivers draining these unique environments. In this study, lotic Odonata were used as indicators to examine factors affecting riparian forest–stream linkages in a lucidophyllous forest in south‐western Japan.
  2. Lotic odonates of 10 species, including seven endemic species, and their habitats were studied along 30 stream reaches with varying environmental characteristics.
  3. Odonate species richness was greatest in shadier reaches as well as in heterogeneous locations in larger streams. In contrast, larger streams modified by channel enlargement for flood control had few or no odonate species.
  4. Protecting larger streams with less human impact and streams in dense riparian forest are the best options for conserving lotic odonates and their habitats in this globally unique forest type.
  相似文献   
7.
亲水河为无锡市太湖岸线一条景观河道,水质较差.通过探讨生物绳、重建生物群落联合修复技术对城市河道的修复效果对其进行了为期半年多的生态修复效果研究.结果表明,上述工程措施能够有效去除水体中的有机物、总氮、总磷等污染物,增加水体透明度.  相似文献   
8.
This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra‐annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low‐ and high‐flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation.  相似文献   
9.
 珠江流域在云南省境内部分是该省重要的工农业经济区,地区生产总值、工业增加值分别占全省的30.1%,42.7%,它们和人均GDP都是全省水平的1.5倍。已基本形成以蓄水工程为主、引提水等为辅的供水结构,但人均水资源量不足,现状南盘江及主要支流部分河段水质为Ⅴ类水体,高原湖泊水环境质量不容乐观。以MIKE BASIN为技术平台,通过水资源节约保护、高效利用,进行供需水预测、合理配置研究。并就影响水资源持续利用的主要问题如节约用水、水资源保护、应对突发性水污染事件、应对气候变化及极端气候事件、建立河流生态补偿机制等进行了探讨。  相似文献   
10.
Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering works.The modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these changes.The objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina Faso.All woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 m.Density,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species composition.Different diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian forests.The species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian forests.Similarity in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and topography.The structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian forests.The diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse "J" shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile individuals.Considering the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.  相似文献   
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