精准扶贫的逻辑形成基础与研究维度述评

党的十八大以来，学术界围绕精准扶贫理论与实践的研究，成果丰硕。精准扶贫理论来源和其形成背景，构成了精准扶贫的逻辑形成基础。梳理关于精准扶贫的相关研究，可以归纳出精准扶贫的概念界定和内涵特征、实践模式和路径、精准扶贫实施过程中的问题等研究维度。考察学术界现有研究发现，研究中缺乏互动式辩论，实证性研究较少等，针对这些问题进行深化研究有助于在我国扶贫工作的冲刺期构建更有针对性的扶贫机制。     

国内乡村生态旅游研究综述

乡村生态旅游作为推动乡村经济发展的新形式已经成为乡村发展研究的新热点。以近 20年内发表于SCI、CSSCI和核心期刊的 225篇文献为研究对象发现，国内乡村生态旅游相关研究划分为基础性研究和宏观性研究两大类。分别对其相关概念、理论基础、影响因素和发展模式做出基础性阐释，对其开发管理、可持续发展、利益相关者和相关评价体系进行理论性研究发现，现阶段的研究在研究领域、研究范围、研究方法方面得到发展，但在研究内容和案例选址方面仍存在缺陷，需平衡各个研究领域，不断完善相关研究，精细挑选案例地址，推动中国乡村生态旅游研究。     

无核葡萄胚败育机制研究进展

为了更加全面地掌握无核葡萄胚败育机制研究进展,明晰相关的研究结果和存在问题。笔者对国内外近年来相关的研究成果进行了综述,发现研究成果主要集中在细胞学、生理生化、无核性状遗传规律、无核基因的分子标记和无核相关基因功能5个方面。然而有关胚发育及败育过程中基因种类、基因间如何互作,调控网络等方面研究还相对欠缺。最后对今后的趋势提出展望,认为可运用多组学联合分析从整体上探讨无核葡萄胚败育机制。     

薄型子宫内膜的中西医研究进展

目的 探究薄型子宫内膜的病因机制，分析临床现行的处理策略，加深对薄型子宫内膜的认识，更好地指导临床工作。方法 整理、分析最新薄型子宫内膜的中西医研究文献成果。结果 当代医学对薄型子宫内膜病因机制阐述颇多，处理策略多样，但均存在一定局限性，还未形成统一的治疗原则。中医治疗多以补肾活血为大法，显示出较好的优势。结论 学者对薄型子宫内膜病因的认知尚未形成共识，发病机制仍不明确，治疗效果各异。中西医治疗各有优势，较西医治疗，中药、针灸具有多靶点整合，整体网络调节等优点，成效显著，值得临床推广应用。     

Disturbed bovine mitochondrial lipid metabolism: a review

In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise and cannot be covered by feed intake. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids in disturbed energy metabolism of the bovine species. Long chain fatty acids regulate energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are two different types of disorders in lipid metabolism which can occur in cattle, namely the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type with the latter not always associated with ketosis. There is general agreement that fatty acid β-oxidation capability is limited in the liver of (ketotic) cows. In accord, supplemental L-carnitine decreased liver lipid accumulation in periparturient Holstein cows. Of note, around parturition concurrent oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated. Also peroxisomal β-oxidation in liver of dairy cows may be part of the hepatic adaptations to a negative energy balance (NEB) to break down fatty acids. An elevated blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids is one of the indicators of NEB in cattle among others like increased β-hydroxy butyrate concentration, and decreased concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Assuming that liver carnitine concentrations might limit hepatic fatty acid oxidation capacity in dairy cows, further study of the role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and/or riboflavin in bovine ketosis is warranted.     

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类生物学研究的回顾与前瞻

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类种类繁多,大多为r选择型或由K选择型演变为r选择型,资源更新速度较快、可持续利用的前景较为广阔,在中国海洋捕捞业产量中的比重呈上升趋势。本文综述了中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类的渔业发展概况,着重介绍了鳓(Ilisha elongata)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)、竹鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)、黄海鲱(Clupea harengus pallasi)和黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等6种主要种类资源生物学的研究进展,概述了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场及其产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变动,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估,同时展望了其资源生物学研究的前景并提出了前瞻性建议。     

家庭农场的研究进展

家庭农场是新型农业经营主体的重要组成部分。2013年“家庭农场”首次出现在中央一号文件中，引发了社会各界的高度关注。有关家庭农场的论文、报道大量涌现，对家庭农场的研究掀起了一轮新高潮。文章对家庭农场发展的相关文献进行简要梳理和分析，以期为家庭农场的实践发展和理论研究提供参考。

     

An assessment of subsoil organic carbon stocks in England and Wales

It is estimated that half the soil carbon globally is in the subsoil, but data are scarce. We updated estimates of subsoil organic carbon (OC) in England and Wales made by Bradley et al. (2005) using soil and land‐use databases and compared the results with other published data. We estimated that the soils of England and Wales contained 1633, 1143 and 506 Tg of OC at 0–30, 30–100 and 100–150 cm depths, respectively. Thus, half of the soil OC was found below 30 cm depth. Peat soils accounted for the largest proportion, containing 44% of all the OC below 30 cm despite their small areal extent, followed by brown soils, surface‐water gley soils, ground‐water gley soils and podzolic soils. Peat soils had more than 25% of their profile OC per unit area in the 100–150 cm depth, whereas most other soils had <8% at this depth. The differences between soil types were consistent with differences in soil formation processes. Differences in depth distributions between land uses were small, but subsoil OC stocks in cultivated soils were generally smaller than in soils under grassland or other land uses. Data on subsoil OC stocks in the literature were scarce, but what there was broadly agreed with the findings of the above database exercise. There was little evidence by which to assess how subsoil OC stocks were changing over time.     

基于文献分析的中国当代竹刻研究评述

通过检索相关文献,分析了1959以来中国有关竹刻的研究现状。结果表明,中国的竹刻研究呈现明显的阶段性、地域性,在研究涉及的领域和具体内容上存在着局限性。在文献分析的基础上,提出了今后竹刻研究的重点方向,即通过与心理学、传播学、教育学、社会学等学科结合,多层面、多方向、多角度展示中国竹刻工艺。     

我国林业小型动力机械发展回顾与现状

林业小型动力机械是生产批量最大的林业机械产品,在林业生产中发挥着重要作用。介绍了林业小型动力机械所包含的产品类型、相关的协会和学会等组织机构及其在国内发展的历史和生产现状;指出了我国产品质量与先进国家之间的差距,以及科研和人才培养等方面存在的不足。