Real-time RT-qPCR assay to detect sequences in the Piscine orthoreovirus-1 genome segment S1 associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon

During the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV-1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV-1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV-1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to target the PRV-1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non-salmonids that may carry PRV-1 potentially causing HSMI.     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒在DF-1细胞系中的增殖特性

为了研究新型鸭呼肠孤病毒(new-type duck reovirus,NDRV)在鸡胚成纤维细胞DF-1中的增殖特性,将NDRV JDM10毒株接种到DF-1细胞,连续传代后,通过观察病毒对细胞的致病变效应,测定半数组织感染量(TCID₅₀)、RT-PCR检测、间接免疫荧光(IFA)及Western-blot免疫学检测,探索NDRV对DF-1细胞的作用效果。结果表明,NDRV JDM10毒株在DF-1细胞中能有效增殖,产生明显的致病变效应;RT-PCR检测成功扩增出1条大小为1 001 bp的条带;病毒蛋白在细胞中获得了良好的表达,并与抗NDRV σC单克隆抗体发生特异性反应;NDRV JDM10毒株在感染DF-1细胞后会经历潜伏期、快速增长期、稳定期3个时期,并在72 h病毒效价达到峰值,TCID₅₀为1×10^-7.90·(0.1mL)^-1。本研究为进一步研究NDRV的致病机理和研制细胞疫苗奠定了基础。     

禽呼肠病毒感染对SPF鸡外周血T细胞亚型变化和细胞因子转录的影响

为探讨禽呼肠病毒(ARV)对SPF鸡外周血淋巴细胞中CD4+、CD8+T细胞数量变化和细胞因子mRNA转录水平的影响,利用流式细胞术和实时荧光定量PCR方法分别测定了ARV感染后1、7、14、21、28、35d感染组和对照组SPF鸡外周血淋巴细胞中CD4+、CD8+T细胞含量和细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、IL-18、IFN-γ、TNF-α基因mRNA相对转录时相。流式细胞术检测结果表明,SPF鸡感染ARV后7d和14dCD4+、CD8+T细胞比值高于对照组,其中感染7d,CD8+T细胞含量差异显著(P0.05);感染后1、21、28、35d感染组CD4+、CD8+T细胞比值均低于对照组,感染1d后CD4+、CD8+T细胞含量均差异显著(P0.05),说明外周血T细胞亚型变化是ARV感染的重要表现之一。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,与对照组相比,感染组外周血淋巴细胞中IL-1β、IL-6(除7d外)、IL-18(除14d外)和TNF-α在整个感染过程中表达上调,IL-17和IFN-γ除感染1d外,均表达下调,说明IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、IL-18、IFN-γ和TNF-α均参与了ARV的感染进程。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒疫苗的研发与应用

正随着水产养殖产业的不断扩大,我国已成为世界上最大的水产品生产消费和进出口国家。2000年至2013年,水产养殖产量以每年5%~6%稳步增长,在2013年,中国水产养殖产量达4.542×10~7t,占全球水产养殖总产量的60%以上~[1]。根据世界粮农组织数据显示,2015年我国水产养殖总量达7.430×107 t。这些数据表明我国水产养殖业不仅保障了中国水产品的市场供应,也对世界水产品供     

禽呼肠病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞后Toll样受体mRNA转录水平的动态变化

为分析禽呼肠病毒(ARV)标准毒株S1133株感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)后对相关鸡Toll样受体(ChTLRs)mRNA转录水平的影响作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR,测定和分析ARV-S1133感染CEF后ARV结构蛋白σC和ChTLRs的mRNA转录水平变化情况。结果表明,ARV-S1133感染CEF 10h后,ARVσC蛋白的mRNA相对表达量开始迅速上升,在48h达到峰值;同时,感染CEF中的ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15和ChTLR21mRNA表达量发生显著变化,在感染72h内各个受体的mRNA表达量呈波浪式变化。5个不同滴度的ARV感染CEF 24 h后,ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21mRNA转录水平与病毒滴度均呈正线性相关。上述结果表明,ARV感染后可诱导CEF ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21的mRNA转录水平发生变化,可能与禽呼肠病毒的复制和致病机制相关。     

草鱼出血病分子流行病学及GCRV多样性研究

[目的]分析不同基因型GCRV分离株与患草鱼出血病草鱼症状的相关性。[方法]采用RT-PCR检测患病草鱼,应用生物信息学方法分析基因型内和基因型间不同分离株间的差异。[结果]对近3年来草鱼出血病分子流行病学分析发现,患草鱼出血病病鱼多为"肠炎型"症状,且检测发现其病原多属于GCRV基因型Ⅲ型。对GCRV的多样性分析表明,不同分离株同源蛋白的同源率高达93%以上,却被给予完全不同的名称,给GCRV多样性研究带来一定的困难;同一基因型不同分离株同源蛋白间的变异位点较少,且功能位点发生变异的更少;不同基因型不同分离株同源蛋白间的保守位点较少,且这些保守位点中只有极少数位点为功能位点;不同基因型分离株同源结构蛋白间存在较大的差异,且同源非结构蛋白间的差异更为显著。[结论]草鱼出血病不同临床症状可能与其病原基因型不同有关。     

Piscine reovirus in wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia,Canada: 1974–2013

Piscine reovirus (PRV) was common among wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia, western Canada, from 1987 to 2013. Salmonid tissues tested for PRV by real‐time rRT‐PCR included sections from archived paraffin blocks from 1974 to 2008 (n = 363) and fresh‐frozen hearts from 2013 (n = 916). The earliest PRV‐positive sample was from a wild‐source steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from 1977. By histopathology (n = 404), no fish had lesions diagnostic for heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In some groups, lymphohistiocytic endocarditis affected a greater proportion of fish with PRV than fish without PRV, but the range of Ct values among affected fish was within the range of Ct values among unaffected fish. Also, fish with the lowest PRV Ct values (18.4–21.7) lacked endocarditis or any other consistent lesion. From 1987 to 1994, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (44% of 48), and wild‐source salmonids (31% of 45). In 2013, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), sampled from British Columbia (5.0% of 60) or the reference region, Alaska, USA (10% of 58).     

Development and application of molecular methods (PCR) for detection of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus

Molecular (PCR) diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of aquareovirus in general, and Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus (TSRV) specifically, were developed, and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined and compared with virus isolation in cell culture. Intralaboratory and interlaboratory comparison of PCR (conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR & RT‐qPCR) and virus isolation in cell culture using finfish cell lines, CHSE‐214 and EPC, was carried out for the detection and identification of TSRV using field samples of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, L. from various aquaculture sites around Tasmania. The interlaboratory comparison of diagnostic methods was carried out between two laboratories, AAHL‐CSIRO and DPIPWE‐Tasmania. A total of 144 fish from nine sites (12–33 fish per site) were sampled from two regions of Tasmania (Tamar River estuary in the north and Huon River estuary in the south‐east) during late spring to early summer of 2009, and the data were analysed using different statistical approaches. The prevalence of TSRV ranged from 6% to 22% in both regions. All the diagnostic methods (data from both laboratories) had high specificity, while the estimated sensitivity varied between tests with RT‐qPCR being the most sensitive (95.2%) method followed by virus isolation and then conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR.     

赤眼鳟TRAF6基因的cDNA克隆及其应对GCRV的免疫表达特性

为研究赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6基因的结构特性及其应对GCRV的免疫表达特性,采用RACE技术获得了赤眼鳟TRAF6基因的cDNA全长(共2 621 bp),其中包含5′端非编码区50 bp,开放阅读框1 629 bp,3′端非编码区942 bp;该基因编码542个氨基酸,推导的蛋白质相对分子质量为61670,理论等电点为6.01。SMART结构分析结果显示,TRAF6基因编码的蛋白包含1个RING结构域、2个锌指结构域、1个螺旋卷曲结构域和1个MATH结构域。系统进化树分析结果表明,赤眼鳟TRAF6与团头鲂TRAF6的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,TRAF6在赤眼鳟的12种组织中均有表达,其中在肝脏中的表达量最高,在中肠中的表达量最低;经GCRV感染后,赤眼鳟脾脏和头肾中TRAF6均呈波动上调趋势,在24 h达到峰值,表明TRAF6参与了赤眼鳟抗GCRV的免疫应答反应。