10种隼形目鸟类飞羽羽小枝显微结构的比较

利用扫描电镜对10种隼形目鸟类飞羽的显微结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明,飞羽主要由有钩羽小枝和无钩羽小枝构成;有钩羽小枝的羽小钩数,纤毛的数量、长短、粗细,腹齿数,无钩羽小枝的腹齿数以及羽小枝复杂末端是否呈节状等特征在不同种类间存在差异。单因素方差分析表明,用于分析的3个参数在2个物种间至少有1个参数差异显著,说明把这些参数综合起来考虑对物种鉴定具有一定的可行性,但在科间、属间情况比较,无规律可循。     

A description of the growth and moulting of feathers in commercial broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Changes in feather length and weight and daily losses of down, contour feathers, remiges and retrices were studied in two commercial broiler strains to determine feather growth and moult in broilers up to 112 d of age.

2. Ten pens of 20 chicks for each sex x strain were fed adequate amounts of dietary protein in a four-phase feeding programme. Ten birds were sampled per genotype at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98 and 112 d. Feather loss was determined for individual birds caged within a nylon net.

3. All feathers were dry-plucked from each of seven tracts, with representative feathers from the capital-cervical, dorsopelvic and interscapular, pectoral and femoral tracts being randomly selected. Three rectrices of the dorsocaudal tract and three primaries and secondaries of the humeral-alar tract of the right wing were evaluated.

4. The length of the selected feathers was measured, and the feathers from each tract and from the whole bird were weighed.

5. A wide range of rates of maturing (0.0250–0.0907/d) and mature weights (9.62–52.9 g) were evident between sampled tracts.

6. Feather weight failed to predict some moults which were detected by the measurement of feather losses. From the weight data, moulting was evident only in the humeral-alar and dorsocaudal tracts, whereas, when daily losses were measured, contour feathers accounted for over 0.7 proportion of feather losses. Logistic equations adequately described the cumulative losses of down, contour feathers and remiges.

7. Feather loss needs to be considered when feather growth is determined from feather weight at different ages.

8. The rate of maturing (B) of feathers was numerically higher in Ross males and females than in the Cobb strain. In females, B was higher than in males (0.0483 vs. 0335/d) but the mature weight was lower (162 vs. 230 g).     

雌雄花尾榛鸡羽毛显微结构比较

羽毛是鸟类特有的皮肤衍生物,鸟羽显微结构具有较强的稳定性和种间特异性,利用鸟羽显微结构特征,可快速、准确地进行鸟类物种的鉴定。使用扫描电镜分别对雌、雄花尾榛鸡(Bonasa bonasia)的飞羽、尾羽和绒羽的显微结构进行观察。结果表明,花尾榛鸡的飞羽和尾羽均由有钩羽小枝和无钩羽小枝组成,绒羽由节状羽小枝组成,对雌雄飞羽和尾羽的羽小钩数、纤毛数、腹齿数以及绒羽的节直径、节间距和节基长进行显著性分析,发现仅绒羽的节基长在性别间差异显著,其他各指标在性别间差异均不显著。因此,利用飞羽和尾羽的显微结构来鉴定花尾榛鸡时无需考虑性别因素,而利用绒羽鉴定时要稍加考虑。