蛋白质着色动力学研究

经过蛋白质着色动力学的研究，发现蛋白质着色的行为遵循数学模型Ｙ＝ａＸ＾ｂ。在ｐＨ２－６范围内，蛋白质上染料随染溶ｐＨ的下降而上升，在１５－３０℃温度范围内，蛋白质上染率随温度上升略有提高，当温度超过３０℃时，蛋白质上染率逐渐下降。染浴中添加稀土对蛋白质有较强的促染效果，其实质是染浴中蛋白质首先对稀土高价阳离子进行结合，再通过高价阳离子对色素进吸附。     

镧素对镰刀菌Fusarium solani及其致病酶的影响

采用琼脂平板生长速率法及液体培养基培养测定了La对镰刀菌Fusarium solani的抑制作用和毒力,并测定了其对病菌胞外的果胶酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶等几种致病酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着La2O3浓度升高,对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用增强,对病菌的EC50和EC95分别为278.2和552.0 mg/L;在一定浓度范围内,La提高了单位量菌丝所产生3种致病酶的活性,但由于菌丝生长受到抑制,除蛋白酶外,病菌胞外致病酶果胶酶和纤维素酶的总量或总活性受到了抑制,降低了病菌的致病力。     

Multimarker and rare variants genomewide association studies for bone weight in Simmental cattle

Bone weight, defined as the total weight of the bones in all the forequarter and hindquarter joints, can reflect somebody conformation traits and skeletal diseases. To gain a better understanding of the genetic determinants of bone weight, we used a composite strategy including multimarker and rare‐marker association to perform genomewide association studies (GWAS) for that character in Simmental cattle. Our strategy consisted of three models: (i) A traditional linear mixed model (LMM) was applied (Q+K‐LMM); (ii) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p‐values less than .05 from the LMM were selected to undergo the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (Lasso) in the second stage (LMM‐Lasso); (iii) genes containing two or more rare SNPs were examined by performing the sequence kernel association test (gene‐based SKAT). A total of 1,225 cattle were genotyped with an Illumina BovineHD BeadChip containing 770,000 SNPs. After the quality‐control procedures, 1,217 individuals with 608,696 common SNPs and 105,787 rare SNPs (with 0.001 < minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.05) remained in the sample for analysis. A traditional LMM successfully mapped three genes associated with bone weight, while LMM‐Lasso identified nine genes, which included all genes found by traditional LMM. Only a single gene, EPHB3, surpassed the significance threshold after Bonferroni correction in gene‐based SKAT. In conclusion, based on functional annotation and results from previous endeavours, we believe that LCORL, RIMS2, LAP3, PRKAR2B, CHSY1, MAP2K6 and EPHB3 are candidate genes for bone weight. In general, such a comprehensive strategy for GWAS may be useful for researchers seeking to probe the full genetic architecture underlying economic traits in livestock.     

安徽省珍稀植物新纪录

水禾属和水禾为安徽省植物分布新纪录属和种。该文介绍了采自安徽省无为县禾本科单种属珍稀植物水禾的主要形态特征、生态特性和繁殖方法。     

翁源青云山自然保护区维管束植物区系特征分析

青云山省级自然保护区位于韶关翁源县的东南部,本研究在查阅文献、历史标本的基础上,对本区进行全面踏查、标本采集并鉴定,从而进行植物物种多样性编目和区系分析。结果表明：青云山自然保护区有维管束植物1336种（含种下分类单位）,其中石松类和蕨类植物132种,隶属于62属24科,裸子植物6种,隶属于4属4科,被子植物1198种,隶属于588属148科;本区的表征科主要以樟科（Lauraceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）等为主。植物区系地理组成复杂,主要以热带、亚热带为主,且热带、亚热带的过渡性质明显。从中国特有种的分布情况来看,该地区与湖南南部、广西东北部、江西西南部联系较为紧密,体现了南岭山脉植物区系的一致性与整体性;珍稀濒危植物共计48种;植被具有中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的特征。青云山自然保护区植物物种丰富度高、植被类型多样,建议将园洞、青山口等珍稀濒危植物分布较集中的地区列为优先保护区域。     

Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in Streptomyces sp. G11C

Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry. In this work, we explored the biocatalytic potential of 75 marine-derived actinobacterial strains, focusing mainly on the search for keratinases. A major part of the strains secreted industrially important enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, and keratinases. Among these, we identified two streptomycete strains that presented great potential for recycling keratin wastes—Streptomyces sp. CHA1 and Streptomyces sp. G11C. Substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, inoculum size were found to be important parameters that influenced the production of keratinolytic enzymes in both strains. In addition, proteomic analysis of culture broths from Streptomyces sp. G11C on turkey feathers showed a high abundance and diversity of peptidases, belonging mainly to the serine and metallo-superfamilies. Two proteases from families S08 and M06 were highly expressed. These results contributed to elucidate the mechanism of keratin degradation mediated by streptomycetes.     

La3+,Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥在不同VFA底物中的产甲烷促进效应

采用静态实验研究了分别添加O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋和Ce^3＋对不同来源和保存状况条件下不同VFA底物的厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷的影响。结果表明，乙酸为底物时加入Ce^3＋，丙酸加入La^3＋或Ce^3＋，乳酸加入La^3＋时都大大加快了反应初期污泥的产甲烷速率，且对比产甲烷活性SMA也有3％-8％的提高；O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋或Ce^3＋的加入使污泥利用丙酸的速度加快，对于厌氧反应器的恢复运行有一定的实际意义。甲酸为底物时，La^3＋，Ce^3＋的加入对污泥产甲烷曲线形状没有影响，对SMA则分别降低了9.21％和3.37％；乙酸添加La^3＋在反应初期明显降低了产甲烷速率，但SMA并未降低。厌氧颗粒污泥经长时间低温存放后，原来对其SMA有提高作用的稀土浓度此时可能会作用不明显甚至会降低SMA；低浓度稀土离子对污泥产甲烷活性产生抑制作用时，相同质量浓度下Ce^3＋比La^3＋对污泥的抑制作用小；驯化培养过程有利于污泥对稀土的适应。     

湖北省国家珍稀濒危植物区系地理研究

经调查研究与统计，湖北省自然分布的国家珍稀濒危植物有５８种。论述了该地区国家珍稀濒危植物的属和种的区系地理分布特点，并提出了开发利用珍稀濒危植物资源的建议。     

添加稀土壳糖胺螯合盐条件下不同蛋白质水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为了研究在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加0.1%稀土壳糖胺螯合盐条件下,不同蛋白质水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,本试验选用28周龄的健康尼克珊瑚粉蛋鸡270只,随机分为3组,对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组饲粮蛋白质水平分别为16.34%、15.17%和14.22%。试验结果表明:试验Ⅰ组的产蛋量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料蛋比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的产蛋率、产蛋量、耗料量分别极显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),料蛋比显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其他无显著差异(P>0.05)。经济效益分析表明,试验Ⅰ组的经济效益比对照组提高6.75%,试验Ⅱ组比对照组降低0.55%,以试验Ⅰ组的经济效益最高。