基于雷达图分析法初步评价稻米食昧品质的研究

本研究建立了一种基于雷达图分析稻米食味评价的新方法.该方法选择胶稠度、碱消值、粒型、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量等5个对稻米食味品质影响较大的理化指标作为雷达图分析的评价指标.各个评价指标经无量纲化处理后用于绘制雷达图.为消除指标排列顺序不同引起的差异,本文采用雷达图的平均周长和平均面积作为特征向量构建评价参数,并对10个参试样品的食味品质进行综合评价.结果表明,采用本文建立的雷达图分析法得到的食味评价排序与常规感官评价法的排序基本一致,表明本文建立的雷达图分析法适用于稻米食昧品质的初步评价.     

2016年8月23-24日青海省河南县强降水天气诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、Micaps、卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料等,从环流背景、物理量、卫星云图、雷达回波等方面,对2016年8月23—24日青海省河南县出现的一次短时强降水天气进行分析,探讨造成此次强降水的主要成因。结果表明,在588 dagpm线副高控制范围内高湿高温状态下,冷暖空气的汇合以及切变辐合造成了此次对流不稳定;在具备充分水汽供应的条件下,垂直方向上低空辐合、高空辐散的配置为此次降水提供了动力条件。对流旺盛、雷达强回波带过境的地方会造成强降水。     

基于混合差分AIC算法的植物茎体超声回波位置检测

在植物茎体超声回波检测中,超声一次回波位置的确定是超声检测的基础。因茎体为非均匀、强衰减的介质,超声在其传播过程中形成了复杂的传播路径,这导致超声一次回波位置不易判定。提出了混合差分的最小信息准则(Akaike of information criterion,AIC)算法,可自动有效地获取茎体超声一次回波位置信息。首先,分析该算法的实现过程并通过仿真实验验证了该检测方法的准确性;其次,以茎体木块为检测对象,分析了超声一次回波位置变化与茎体水分变化的关系,发现超声一次回波位置可有效跟踪茎体水分变化。最后,以不同土壤湿度环境下种植的向日葵为检测对象,在09:00—19:00期间完成向日葵茎体超声一次回波位置的动态检测。实验结果表明,向日葵茎体超声一次回波位置的变化与土壤湿度变化呈正相关。不同土壤湿度的向日葵茎体超声检测差异明显:当土壤短时缺水,茎体超声一次回波位置与土壤水分变化波动明显,符合因短时缺水导致的植物抗旱调节活动与正常的水分吸收与蒸腾活动不断转换的生理活动特点;当土壤水分充盈时,茎体超声一次回波位置和土壤水分变化缓和,同时,在11:00—12:00期间,出现土壤水分最小值与超声一次回波位置最大值,符合因蒸腾作用导致茎体水分下降的生理特点。混合差分AIC算法可自动、有效地获取植物茎体的超声一次回波位置,该信息可作为动态跟踪植物茎体生长状态的检测特征。     

SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS ON T2*‐WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE AND FELINE SPINE

The T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence is a sensitive means to detect blood degradation products. While not a routine sequence in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in small animals, it can provide additional valuable information in select cases. The goal of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe findings when acquiring this sequence during magnetic resonance imaging examination of the spine in small animals. The University of Tennessee's veterinary radiology database was searched for dogs and cats that underwent magnetic resonance imaging for suspect spinal disease in which a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence was acquired and susceptibility artifact was identified. The following information was recorded: signalment, clinical signs, location and appearance of susceptibility artifact, and final diagnosis. Thirty‐nine cases were included in the study. Extradural susceptibility artifacts were observed in cases of intervertebral disc herniation with or without associated hemorrhage (n = 28), extradural hemorrhage associated with spinal trauma (n = 2), hemophilia (n = 1), and in a cystic extradural mass (n = 1). Remaining lesions displaying susceptibility artifact were intramedullary and included presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), hemangiosarcoma metastasis (n = 1), intramedullary disc extrusion (n = 1), presumptive meningomyelitis (n = 1), and a mass of undetermined etiology (n = 1). Inclusion of a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence may be helpful in spinal magnetic resonance imaging when standard imaging sequences are ambiguous or intramedullary lesions are observed.     

X波段双偏振多普勒雷达降水观测

以X波段双偏振雷达的多种参数为依据，综合使用雷达及相关雨量站的降水观测资料，从基本组成及雷达工作方式2 个方面简述了X波段双偏振多普勒雷达，并针对2014 年8 月9 日内蒙古地区的一次对流性降水天气过程，着重分析X波段双偏振多普勒雷达降水观测。结果表明：（1）在流性雷暴云降水过程中，大部分冰晶类将会在6~8 km融化为小雨滴，或以冻滴的形式存在；（2）强雷暴云天气发生时，在强雷暴云中上层的存在大部分的小粒子，并无大量的水成物粒子存在。该研究不仅能够探索雷达对降水进行定量估测的能力，还能够通过提升X波段双偏振雷达降水观测的适用性，以期为今后X波段双偏振多普勒雷达在降水观测中的应用提出一定的参考依据。     

塔额盆地一次强雹云天气的雷达回波分析

2010年7月19日午后塔额盆地出现了一场较强雹云天气过程。根据塔城雷达站监测回波资料,分析此次强单体雹云的结构、演变、移动和降雹特征,对此次冰雹云的类型、结构、特征及其演变趋势进行分析,并提出相应的雹云判识方法。     

基于修正介电常数模型的煤矿区复垦土壤压实评价

模拟复垦机械对试验区土壤进行不同程度的压实,在探地雷达获取土壤介电常数的基础上,检验并修正了4种经典复合介电常数模型,并结合野外试验对修正后的模型通用性进行了验证。结果表明,土壤介电常数与土壤压实指标(土壤紧实度、容重、孔隙率等)相关系数89%,可以表征土壤压实状况;原有复合介电常数模型虽然存在误差不能直接使用,但模型计算值与实测值相关系数0.99,修正后二者拟合误差1%;在野外试验中,基于修正后的介电常数模型反算的土壤压实指标(容重、孔隙率)与实验室测量值误差率5%,通用性较好。表明在科学布设测线以保证探地雷达准确获取土壤介电常数的前提下,可以通过修正后的复合介电常数模型对煤矿区复垦土壤压实状况进行全面客观的评价。     

The importance of sub‐peat carbon storage as shown by data from Dartmoor,UK

Peatlands are highly valued for their range of ecosystem services, including distinctive biodiversity, agricultural uses, recreational amenities, water provision, river flow regulation and their capacity to store carbon. There have been a range of estimates of carbon stored in peatlands in the United Kingdom, but uncertainties remain, in particular with regard to depth and bulk density of peat. In addition, very few studies consider the full profile with depth in carbon auditing. The importance of sub‐peat soils within peatland carbon stores has been recognized, but remains poorly understood and is included rarely within peatland carbon audits. This study examines the importance of the carbon store based on a study of blanket peat on Dartmoor, UK, by estimating peat depths in a 4 × 1 km survey area using ground penetrating radar (GPR), extraction of 43 cores across a range of peat depth, and estimation of carbon densities based on measures of loss‐on‐ignition and bulk density. Comparison of GPR estimates of peat depth with core depths shows excellent agreement, to provide the basis for a detailed understanding of the distribution of peat depths within the survey area. Carbon densities of the sub‐peat soils are on average 78 and 53 kg C/m³ for the overlying blanket peat. There is considerable spatial variability in the estimates of total carbon from each core across the survey area, with values ranging between 56.5 kg C/m² (1.01 m total depth of peat and soil) and 524 kg C/m² (6.63 m total depth). Sub‐peat soil carbon represents between 4 and 28 per cent (mean 13.5) of the total carbon stored, with greater values for shallower peat. The results indicate a significant and previously unaccounted store of carbon within blanket peat regions which should be included in future calculations of overall carbon storage. It is argued that this store needs to be considered in carbon audits.     

“6?13”强冰雹天气雷达特征分析及对农业的影响

为了找寻冰雹天气发生的原因及对农业的影响，利用多普勒雷达的反射率因子、径向速度、垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)等产品，结合高低空环流形势及地面资料，对发生在长治市2016 年6 月13 日的强冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次冰雹天气是由高空冷槽和与地面暖低压共同作用结果；（2）强回波与三体散射(TBSS)对提前预报强冰雹有较好的指示意义；速度场的辐合辐散可以判断回波未来发展趋势，增强预判准确性；当TBSS出现一定的持续性时，TBSS可以作为强冰雹预警的辅助指标；VIL是判别冰雹的有效工具之一，且对冰雹的预报有较好的指示作用；（3）加强冰雹监测，通过及时的“点”监测，实现“面”预警，是减少冰雹对农业生产造成灾害的一种有效的补充手段。     

山东西部连续强对流天气的多尺度资料对比分析

在常规观测资料基础上,结合NCEP再分析资料、风廓线雷达、多普勒雷达和卫星云图资料,对2016年6月13-14日山东省西部连续两次强对流天气进行分析.分析表明:(1)13日夜间对流强度较14日下午剧烈.两次强对流天气都是在高空冷涡的环流背景下产生的.高空为西北气流,低层存在暖湿平流输送,13日强对流天气由低层切变线和地面辐合线触发,14日由700 hpa弱冷空气触发.(2)强对流发生前都有一定的水汽输送和辐合,下暖湿上干冷,低层辐合,中高层辐散.0℃层高度在4000m左右,-20℃层高度在7000m附近.(3)强对流发生时雷达回波强度大于45dBZ,在1.5°仰角上雷达回波最高达60 dBZ以上,中层强回波区悬垂于低层弱回波区之上.垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)高达20 kg/m2,强回波区不断有中气旋生成.13日夜间有弓形回波,垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)高于14日.风廓线资料中强的垂直风切变和风向波动对强对流天气的发生时间有指示意义.(4)冰雹、大风等强对流天气发生在狭长的冷云区前部、对流云团前部和西南部的TBB梯度区上.