营养液浓度对水培马齿苋生长及品质的影响

以华南农业大学叶菜B配方营养液为标准溶液，比较了0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00倍浓度的营养液对马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus)的生长和品质的影响。结果表明，无论是从形态指标还是生理指标看，0.75倍均为最适宜马齿苋的营养液浓度。     

高纬寒地马齿苋人工栽培技术初探

从马齿苋的特征特性、类型及品种、人工栽培方式和季节、繁殖方式、栽培要点、采收、干制、病虫害防治等8个方面,详尽阐述了在高纬度寒冷地区马齿苋的栽培方式和栽培条件及马齿苋的发展前景。     

风味马齿苋野菜酱的研制

以马齿苋、黑豆和苦荞麦等为原料,经过发酵和炒制等工艺开发出了一种风味马齿苋野菜酱。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了干马齿苋的蒸制时间为10 min,大豆油用量为40 g,白砂糖用量为3.55 g,同时确定了马齿苋野菜酱的最佳配方。在此条件下制备的马齿苋酱风味浓郁、无异味;颜色呈暗红色、明亮,口感酸甜适口;汁液均匀、无分层和沉淀。     

The hotter the weather,the greater the infestation of Portulaca oleracea: opportunistic life‐history traits in a serious weed

Portulaca oleracea, an r‐strategist, is one of the world's most troublesome weeds. During hot seasons, P. oleracea frequently becomes monodominant in choy sum (Brassica parachinensis) fields in Guangzhou city, southern China. Here, we studied the seasonal dynamics of P. oleracea's germinable soil seedbank, population density and above‐ground biomass in choy sum fields that had been cultivated continuously for several years. Using P. oleracea seeds collected from these fields, we tested seed dormancy, survival and germination, seedling growth and generation time. Portulaca oleracea occurred at high levels during the hot season, but its occurrence was low, and the germinable soil seedbank was much greater during the cold season. The weed's opportunistic characteristics allowed it to avoid freezing and to proliferate during optimal conditions. Portulaca oleracea's generation time was very flexible, as short as 31 days during the hot season, but longer than 100 days during the colder season. Seed dormancy tended to be shorter when the seeds were stored at a higher temperature. At a temperature of 35°C, both seed germination and seedling growth showed advantages over those of choy sum. Storage for one year at a temperature of ?20°C or burial in a paddy field did not significantly reduce P. oleracea seed germination. Nevertheless, seed storage at a temperature of 15°C and soil coverage of 0.5 cm on top of the seeds significantly constrained seed germination. ‘Stale seedbed’ and/or coverage of the surface with soil are recommended during the hot season. However, rotation of rice and upland crops is not an efficient method for managing Portulaca oleracea infestation.     

野生型和栽培型马齿苋的种源鉴定及生物学特性与生态适应性比较

马齿苋种子为小种子,野生型的种子更小,千粒重仅为栽培型的1/6;两者种皮均具纹饰,野生型种子的正面纹饰和侧面瘤状突起较栽培型种子的更加规则整齐.根据种子大小和表面纹饰形态比对Danin的检索表,将本研究涉及的野生型马齿苋归为Portulaca granulatostellulata (Poelln.)C.Ricceri et P.V.Arrigoni亚种(4 N=36),栽培型马齿苋归到Portulaca edulis Danin & Bagella亚种(6 N=54).马齿苋种子萌发迅速,但栽培型种子萌发更加迅速整齐;野生型植株匍匐生长,主侧枝区分不明显,叶、花、果实和种子均较栽培型小;栽培型植株直立,主侧枝区分明显;两者均可行有性生殖,且均可闭花传粉受精,但栽培型植株单株花苞数少,每一花苞内种子数少,显示其有性生殖能力相对较弱.野生型马齿苋种子更小、萌发不整齐、种子量大等特性提示其在形成地下种子库、躲避灾难性逆境的能力更强,更适于生态修复;而栽培型马齿苋的种子萌发迅速整齐、株型直立等特性更有利于其迅速建群,并在农业生产上应有更大的发展空间.     

马齿苋酸奶的工艺研究

以马齿苋汁和鲜牛奶为主要原料,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌（1：1）为菌种,经发酵研制出一种集马齿苋和酸奶的保健功能于一体的新型酸奶。试验结果表明,马齿苋汁在原料乳杀菌前添加,添加量为6%,蔗糖为8%,接种量为5%,发酵温度为42℃,发酵时间为7h,4℃后熟16h,研制出的酸奶色泽均匀（呈天然淡黄色）、组织状态良好、略带马齿苋的清香、清新爽口、酸甜适中,并且各项质量卫生指标以及理化指标都符合国家标准。     

几种中药在鸡胚上对鸡常见病毒的作用效果试验

本实验用水煎法从中药桑叶、茵陈蒿、马齿苋中提取全成分，用醇提法从中药野菊花中提取有效成分，并以其为实验药物，观察在10--12日龄鸡胚上对禽流感病毒（AIV）、新城疫病毒（NDV）、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）的作用效果。结果表明，在安全浓度范围内，几种中药对以上病毒均具有一定的阻断和抑制作用。其中，茵陈蒿全成分提取液对AIV和NDV的阻断和抑制作用较为突出。     

马齿苋中类黄酮及单宁含量的测定

[目的]为马齿苋的综合开发提供科学依据。[方法]采用乙醇浸提法测定马齿苋中类黄酮含量，并用分光光度法测定马齿苋中单宁的含量。[结果]建立了计算马齿苋中类黄酮含量的线性方程：y=0．1112x-0．0005（y为吸光度；x为芦丁溶液浓度），相关系数R=0．9991；计算单宁含量的线性方程：y=0．0741x＋0．0033（Y为吸光度；z为单宁酸标准溶液浓度），相关系数R=0．9995。两者的浓度和吸光度之间都存在极显著的线性关系。并测定出马齿苋中类黄酮及单宁的含量分别为（12．05±0．18）、（10．64±0．26）mg／g。[结论]该结果可为充分利用马齿苋这一植物资源提供参考。     

马齿苋多糖提取工艺条件的优化

采用热水提取和超声波辅助法提取马齿苋中的多糖,分别进行单因素试验和正交试验,并对这2种方法进行比较,以期找出马齿苋多糖的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,热水提取温度100℃,料液比1∶30,提取5 h,分2次提取,多糖得率较高;超声波辅助提取功率240 W,温度80℃,料液比1∶25,提取30 min,多糖得率高。超声波辅助提取时间短,多糖得率高于热水提取。