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Cold plasma, an ionized gas produced by applying an electrical current to air, can be used to produce plasma-activated water (PAW), which has excellent antimicrobial properties. In this study PAW was applied to conidia of Colletotrichum alienum to investigate its impact on conidial germination in vitro. PAW was produced by treating tap, deionized, or distilled water with cold plasma for 30 or 60 min to produce PAW30 or PAW60, each of which was then incubated for up to 24 hr with a conidial suspension of C. alienum in a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3 (conidial suspension:PAW), and the percentage germination measured. The greatest reduction in germination occurred when conidia were incubated with PAW60 produced from deionized water or distilled water, for all ratios. For PAW30, deionized water was the most effective for all three ratios, and on this basis, deionized water was selected for all further experiments. PAW produced from smaller volumes of water and at shorter distances from the cold plasma source was more effective at reducing germination. Treatment of conidia with acidified water was not as effective as PAW at inhibiting germination. Nitrates and nitrites were present in the PAW in varying concentrations and may have contributed to the inhibition of germination. PAW retained activity and reduced germination even after storage for 15 days. These findings demonstrate the potential of PAW as a novel treatment for postharvest fungal pathogens.  相似文献   
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Weeds and weed control are major production costs in global agriculture, with increasing challenges associated with herbicide‐based management because of concerns with chemical residue and herbicide resistance. Non‐chemical weed management may address these challenges but requires the ability to differentiate weeds from crops. Harvest is an ideal opportunity for the differentiation of weeds that grow taller than the crop, however, the ability to differentiate late‐season weeds from the crop is unknown. Weed mapping enables farmers to locate weed patches, evaluate the success of previous weed management strategies, and assist with planning for future herbicide applications. The aim of this study was to determine whether weed patches could be differentiated from the crop plants, based on height differences. Field surveys were carried out before crop harvest in 2018 and 2019, where a total of 86 and 105 weedy patches were manually assessed respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that across the 191 assessed weedy patches, in 97% of patches with Avena fatua (wild oat) plants, 86% with Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) plants and 92% with Sonchus oleraceus L. (sow thistles) plants it was possible to distinguish the weeds taller than the 95% of the crop plants. Future work should be dedicated to the assessment of the ability of remote sensing methods such as Light Detection and Ranging to detect and map late‐season weed species based on the results from this study on crop and weed height differences.  相似文献   
4.
Juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect-specific hormone that regulates molting and metamorphosis. Hence, JH signaling inhibitors (JHSIs) and activators (JHSAs) can be used as effective insect growth regulators (IGRs) for pest management. In our previous study, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) system for exploration of novel JHSIs and JHSAs using a Bombyx mori cell line (BmN_JF&AR cells) and succeeded in identifying novel JHSIs from a chemical library. Here, we searched for novel JHSAs using this system. The four-step HTS yielded 10 compounds as candidate JHSAs; some of these compounds showed novel basic structures, whereas the others were composed of a 4-phenoxyphenoxymethyl skeleton, the basic structure of several existing JH analogs (pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb). Topical application of seven compounds to B. mori larvae significantly prolonged the larval period, suggesting that the identified JHSAs may be promising IGRs targeting the JH signaling pathway.  相似文献   
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落叶果树冬季进入休眠期,果农田间管理时间长,农事操作方便,而在生产中,不少果农忽视了冬季这个果园管理的关键时期,造成树势衰弱、树形杂乱、病虫害严重。做好落叶果树冬季管理技术措施,对于增强树势,提高翌年果树产量、品质和效益起到关键性的作用。  相似文献   
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为探究微润灌溉下不同施肥运筹对大棚番茄生长的影响,将番茄定植于大棚内的种植箱中,设置施肥浓度分别为200 mg/L(N1:全生育期浓度为200 mg/L)、200~400 mg/L(N2:苗期浓度为200 mg/L,结果期、成熟期为400 mg/L)、400 mg/L(N3:全生育期浓度为400 mg/L)、400~800 mg/L(N4:苗期浓度为400 mg/L,结果期、成熟期为800 mg/L)、800 mg/L(N5:全生育期浓度为800 mg/L)5组不同处理,测定番茄全生育期的含水率、茎粗、株高、叶面积、产量及灌溉水分生产率等指标。研究表明:不同施肥浓度各处理土壤含水率差异不显著,N4、N5处理的番茄各项生长指标差异不显著且优于其余处理,说明施肥对土壤含水率影响较小,但随着施肥浓度的增加,番茄的产量及其余生长指标增长明显;施肥浓度前少后多的N4处理番茄长势及产量不弱于N5处理,因此苗期减少施肥、开花坐果期追肥与全生育期保持较高浓度施肥是微润灌溉水肥一体化种植番茄的有效施肥措施。  相似文献   
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通过红外相机监测可以获得海量的野生动物影像数据。然而,许多自然保护地在红外相机数据管理方面依旧面临红外数据海量、存储方式原始、缺乏数据技术、数据挖掘空白等困境。如何科学存储和管理海量的红外相机影像数据,专业高效完成数据鉴定和科学分析并运用于管理和科研,已成为红外相机监测工作中的重大难题。基于以上问题,利用四川自然保护红外相机数据管理信息化平台(Sichuan Nature Conservation Infrared Camera Data Management System,CDMS)能有效解决该问题。CDMS的研发设计上兼顾广大自然保护地的使用需求,同时吸纳不同数据库和数据信息平台的功能优点。目前CDMS的设计定位为主要针对四川省各类型自然保护地的交互式使用,集成了红外相机影像数据的规范存储、科学管理、智能查询、生态分析和可视化展示等功能,旨在促进野生动物红外相机影像素材转化为有效数据,实现数据的高效分析和深度挖掘,为野生动物研究、保护与管理、科普宣教等提供重要的技术与管理支撑。本文对CDMS的功能模块、主要构成、特点与优势、应用成效以及数据服务体系等做简要介绍。  相似文献   
8.
随着国家乡村振兴战略的深入实施,村务管理专业学生招生规模迅速扩大,教育管理对乡村振兴发展、学院建设、个人成长具有重要意义.从分析学生的特点和教育管理现状入手,阐述了抓好村务管理专业学生教育管理的重要意义,提出把好招考入学、教书育人、考察使用关口,做好学院内部与外部管理结合、教育管理与精准服务结合、依法依规与沟通交流结合、教育引导与更新观念结合、宣传表彰与惩戒警示结合,加强学生的教育管理工作.  相似文献   
9.
进入21世纪以来,黑龙江省充分利用省内现代化的大农业资源,积极推进农业与旅游业的多维度融合,形成了初具规模的农旅产业。该论文以目前黑龙江省农旅产业发展中的“非标准化”和“同质化”问题为着眼点,在分析农旅产业的消费者特征及其需求偏好的基础上,借鉴张家界自然风景区和重渡沟自然风景区发展农旅产业的先进经验,结合黑龙江省农旅产业发展的特殊规律,提出了黑龙江省农旅产业标准化管理与个性化发展的具体操作路径,为推进黑龙江省农旅产业的提质扩容与创新转型提供了新思路。  相似文献   
10.
This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h−1) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m−2∙min−1), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   
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