内蒙古草原家庭牧场可持续发展研究

内蒙古草原作为全球干旱、半干旱区的重要组成部分，是诸多研究关注的热点区域。家庭牧场作为内蒙古草原基本的生产和管理单元，探析其可持续发展有助于为实现区域可持续发展提供科学依据。本研究阐述了内蒙古草原家庭牧场的形成历程及定义；并分别侧重自然生态系统、社会经济系统、自然-经济-社会复合生态系统3个方面总结了其研究进展；最后分别在坚持草牧业发展理念、依托景观可持续性科学指导、加强3个界面耦合研究、扩展沙地草原、关注未来发展模式、重视技术支撑等6个方面就内蒙古草原家庭牧场进行了研究展望。希望本研究在为内蒙古草原可持续发展提供科学支撑的同时，亦能为全球干旱、半干旱草原区的可持续发展提供参考。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌抗菌代谢产物Xcn1的研究进展

Xenocoumacin1（Xcn1）是嗜线虫致病杆菌产生的一种水溶性小肽类抗菌化合物，对真菌和细菌具有广谱的抑菌活性，在农业病害防治中具有良好的开发和应用前景。本文综述了Xcn1化合物的合成和降解机制、合成调控机制、抗菌作用机制以及防控植物疫病的研究进展，并展望了高产Xcn1生产菌株的改良和产业化应用前景。     

Investigation of environmental and land use impacts in forested permafrost headwaters of the Selenga-Baikal river system,Mongolia - Effects on discharge,water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity

Headwater streams play a major role for provision of ecosystem services, e.g. drinking water. We investigated a high-altitude headwater catchment of the Kharaa River (including 41 1st-order rivers) to understand the impact of land cover (especially forest cover), environment and human usage on runoff, chemical water quality and macroinvertebrate fauna in a river basin under discontinuous permafrost conditions in an arid, sparsely populated region of Mongolia. To verify our hypotheses that different landuses and environmental impacts in permafrost headwaters influence water quality, we investigated 105 sampling sites, 37 of them at intermittent stream sections without water flow. Discharge was positively impacted by land cover types steppe, grassland and forest and negatively by shrubland, forest burnt by wild fires (indicating a reduction of permafrost) and slope. Water quality was affected by altitude, longitude and latitude, shrub growth and water temperature. Shannon diversity of macroinvertebrates was driven by water temperature, iron content of the water, flow velocity, and subbasin size (adjusted R² = 0.54). Sample plots clustered in three groups that differed in water chemistry, macroinvertebrate diversity, species composition and bio-indicators. Our study confirms that steppes and grasslands have a higher contribution to runoff than forests, forest cover has a positive impact on water quality, and diversity of macroinvertebrates is higher in sites with less nutrients and pollutants. The excellent ecological status of the upper reaches of the Kharaa is severely threatened by forest fires and human-induced climate change and urgently needs to be conserved.     

Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.     

Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of microwave irradiation against the at 12, 24, 48 and 72?h following exposure to microwave irradiations (100, 300?W) and the progeny production was assessed 45?days later. Linearly increasing irradiation power range (100, 200 and 300?W) was set up for determining mortality tendency. An increase of insect mortality caused by higher irradiation period and times elapsed after treatment has become evident commencing from 12?h after the treatment, which has significantly decreased at later elapsed time after treatment. The irradiation periods inducing the highest mortality at the examined powers were at 10?min and at 100?W power (72?h: 64.93%) and at 4.5?min. and at 300?W power (12?h: 87.01). In addition, a complete suppression of progeny production was achieved by 4.5?min treatment at 300?W power. Lognormal-type mortality process was caused by the linearly increased irradiation range. The properly chosen microwave irradiation can be used for management of Sitophilus granarius larval and adult developmental stages. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.     

基于体验经济的乡村花卉旅游产品提升策略研究

旅游从诞生之初就具备了体验经济的属性，而创造独特的、难忘的、新奇的旅游体验，让旅游 者在旅行过程中获得多层次需求的满足成为旅游企业努力的方向。在体验经济时代背景下，针对乡 村花卉旅游市场，了解游客市场需求，发挥资源优势，转变运营思路，对原有的花卉旅游产品进行提升 和创新是目前值得思考研究的课题。根据模型提出乡村花卉旅游产品的提升策略，主要是针对存在 的问题提出相应的解决方案，结合理论给出系统的产品建议，同时也提出了政府、企业、乡村、人才培 养等方面保障建议以促进花卉旅游的可持续发展。     

鸡粪除臭菌的分离筛选及除臭效果分析

以鸡粪堆肥为材料,筛选高效除臭菌株并构建复合菌系,为鸡粪的无害化处理提供具有除臭功能的菌种资源。首先,采用驯化富集法、平板稀释法、产气试验、除氨试验、除硫化氢试验以及纤维素降解试验筛选出鸡粪堆肥中的除臭菌;其次,通过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株;最后,通过拮抗试验构建除臭菌系。研究分离得到5株具有除臭功能的菌株,分属于芽孢杆菌属(MS03,Bacillus sp.)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(MS07,Bacillus velezensis)、耐寒短杆菌(MS11,Brevibacterium frigoritolerans)、木糖葡萄球菌(MS42,Staphylococcus xylosus)和变异棒杆菌(MS82,Corynebacterium variabile)。复合菌系C2(MS03+MS07)和C4(MS03+MS82)的综合除臭率均高于60%,且明显高于单株菌株及其他复合菌系。研究表明,这两个由不同除臭菌组合而成的复合菌系在无害化处理鸡粪方面具有较大的潜力和应用前景。     

广西田园综合体的建设现状和发展建议

文章通过对田园综合体的概念进行介绍，找出广西田园综合体发展情况和存在的问题，最后 提出解决广西田园综合体存在问题的对策和建议，从而促进广西农业的快速发展，带动当地经济稳步 提升。     

水稻复合农艺性状QTL剖析

为了解水稻复合性状的数量性状基因座(QTL),在利用单片段代换系进行QTL鉴定的基础上,剖析了水稻株高QTL与主茎高和穗长QTL,主茎高与倒一节间长、倒二节间长、倒三节间长和倒四及以下节间长QTL,谷粒长宽比QTL与粒长和粒宽QTL,每穗粒数QTL与一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数QTL的关系。结果表明:鉴定出株高QTL的6个单片段代换系中有4个只检测出了主茎高QTL,其加性效应百分率为86.00%～99.55%,有1个只检测出了穗长QTL,其加性效应百分率为48.31%,有1个同时检测出了主茎高QTL和穗长QTL,其中主茎高QTL的加性效应百分率为81.72%,穗长QTL加性效应百分率为18.28%;在检测出主茎高QTL的7个单片段代换系中,有1个只检测出倒一节间长QTL,有2个只检测出倒二节间长QTL,有2个检测出倒一节间长QTL和倒二节间长QTL,有2个只检测出倒三节间长QTL;不同的单片段代换系中检测出的节间长的QTL加性效应百分率变化范围为-128.62%～172.07%;7个检测出谷粒长宽比QTL的单片段代换系中,有5个只检测出粒长QTL,1个只检测出粒宽QTL,1个同时检测出了粒长QTL和粒宽QTL;检测出每穗粒数QTL的3个单片段代换系中,有2个只检测出二次枝梗数的QTL,有1个同时检测出一次枝梗数QTL和二次枝梗数的QTL。这些结果表明,代换片段中如能检出复合性状QTL,也可以检出其构成性状QTL;复合性状QTL的加性效应的大部分可由其构成性状QTL的综合效应来解析,但相同的复合性状,不同代换片段检出的构成性状QTL不同。