荔枝果实复合保鲜剂的筛选及其常温保鲜效果的研究

为了筛选出有利于荔枝贮藏的复合保鲜剂,以‘井岗红糯’荔枝果实为试验材料,通过正交试验研究了不同浓度的油菜素内酯（brassinolide, BL）和曲酸（kojic acid, KA）配比对采后荔枝果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,在25 ℃贮藏条件下,对荔枝果实的最佳保鲜配方为：油菜素内酯40 μmol/L、曲酸35 mmol/L,浸泡时间为3 min,该复合保鲜剂配方能较好地抑制荔枝果实褐变和腐烂,降低果皮相对电导率、果皮pH和果皮丙二醛（malonaldehyde, MDA）含量,延缓果肉总可溶性固形物（total soluble solids, TSS）和维生素C（vitamin C, VC）含量的下降,维持较高的果皮色度L ^*值、a ^*值、C ^*值和花色苷含量,抑制了多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）及漆酶（laccase, Lac）的活性。     

Extension of shelf life of tuberose flowers using a combination of gamma irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservatives and assessment of antimicrobial potency of senesced flowers

Tuberose cut flowers, available as loose flowers, were treated with gamma (γ) irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservative solutions for extension of shelf life. The flowers were packaged in low-density polyethylene bags, heat sealed and stored at 23 ± 2°C, 80% relative humidity (RH) and 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH, respectively. The flowers stored at these two temperature regimes were subjected to sensory evaluation and biochemical analyses. From these assessments, the longest shelf life of tuberose flowers was found to be 8 days at 23 ± 2°C, 80% RH (compared to 4 days for control) and 24 days at 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH (compared to 8 days for control) using combination treatment of low dose γ-irradiation (0.02 kGy) and preservative solutions (4% sucrose and 0.02% CaCl₂). Ethanolic extract of tuberose flowers of the most shelf stable set (stored at 4 ± 1°C), i.e. at the end of 24 days, showed antimicrobial potency against the common skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and MDR strains), suggesting utility of the senesced tuberose flowers for therapeutic applications. This preservation technique would promote export of tuberose flowers by extension of their shelf lives and allow utilization of these flowers, post senescence.     

'曼尼萨'百合保鲜研究

以‘曼尼萨’百合为试材,采用5种保鲜液对‘曼尼萨’百合进行处理,研究百合的瓶插寿命、鲜重、水分平衡值、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素等生长品质参数变化,以期确定瓶插阶段的最佳保鲜配方。结果表明:配方3效果最好,瓶插寿命最长。     

不同药剂处理毛竹的室内耐腐性

选择ACQ、铜唑、CCA、有机酸四类13种防腐剂对毛竹材进行处理,研究竹材的室内耐腐性能.结果表明:随着吸药量的增加,药剂对腐朽菌的抑制效力明显增加.ACQ防腐剂中,综合抗菌性能依次为ACQ-B、ACQ-D,ACQ-C对白腐菌的毒性最差,失重率约6%;铜唑类防腐剂对白腐菌的抗菌性最好的是CuAz-1,最差的是CuAz-2;对褐腐菌的抗菌性相差不大.通过对比,ACQ和铜唑类防腐剂的抗菌性与CCA相当,明显优于有机酸类防腐剂.     

竹提取物抗菌杀虫性能的研究进展

竹子不同部位含有特征性的生物活性成分,将其开发成天然食品防腐剂和杀虫剂已成为当今的研究热点,该文综述了竹叶提取物、竹醋液、竹皮提取物的抑菌、杀虫作用及其相关研究进展,以期为竹子提取物在食品添加剂和生物农药领域的应用提供信息。     

Surface energy of preservative-treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) by contact angle measurement

In this study, the contact angles of four different reference liquids (including distilled water, diiodomethane, formadide and glycerol) formed on the surfaces of wood, treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and two other emerging copper-based water-borne systems (commercial names: NW and NS) were measured with sessile drop method. Based on the contact angle data, the surface energy was obtained from the acid-base approach. The total surface energy consisted of Lifshiz-van der Waals parameter and acid-base parameter. Results showed that the NW and CCA treatments made the wood surface more hydrophobic while the NS treatment had the reverse effect on the wood surface mainly owing to the increased penetration of earlywood. By using three liquids, diiodomethane, formamide and distilled water, the total surface energy obtained for untreated earlywood, untreated latewood, CCA-treated earlywood, CCA-treated latewood, NW-treated earlywood, NW-treated latewood, NS-treated earlywood and NS-treated latewood were 43.1, 44.5, 43.4, 45.1, 49.4, 40.6, 46.0 and 40.9 mJ/m², respectively. The surface energy of CCA-treated wood was almost the same as untreated wood. After NW and NS treatments, the surface energy of both earlywood and latewood changed a little. However, the change was not so obvious as to draw any further conclusion concerning the influence of NW and NS treatments on the surface energy of wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(4): 1–4 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

杉木间伐材ACQ防腐与综合强化复合改性研究

在将ACQ与UF树脂调制成相容的复合改性剂对杉木间伐材进行复合改性研究的基础上,深入探索复合改性的机理与综合效果.对浸渍材与表面密实化处理相结合的优化工艺,当弦向压缩率为20%时各项力学性能指标均比素材增加51%以上;进行浸渍处理与ACQ或UF单独处理材经煮沸和抗水、酸、碱抽提的抗流失性对比试验及防腐试验,表明前者比后者有所提高;并采用铜离子跟踪法进行X-射线荧光光谱仪定量分析,测定了浸渍材复合改性剂的含量和分布情况,确认了一次性浸渍优化工艺参数的较佳效果.     

竹材防腐防霉处理研究

本文论述了三种处理方法和七种防腐剂配方处理毛竹(片材)和浙江淡竹(竹竿)。气干材用热冷槽法和常压浸渍法,生材采用竹液置换法。这些方法很适合我国的国情。热冷槽法采用1.5小时热煮,48小时冷浸;常压浸渍20天左右;竹液置换法约8天,均能达到预期的药剂吸收量和透入度。此外,还进行了防腐处理竹材的室内抗霉试验和力学强度试验。野外抗腐试验正在进行中。     

新型木材防腐剂—─百菌清的研究近况

本文简要阐述了新型木材防腐剂百菌清（ｃｈｌｏｒｏｔｈａｌｏｎｉｌ）制剂防止木材霉菌、变色菌、木腐菌、土栖白蚁的研究近况，并对我国将来开展百菌清的研究提出了建议好的有以下几种制剂：０．５０％百菌清＋０．５０％ＤＤＡＣ、１．０％百菌清乳剂，０．５０％百菌清＋０．１０％ＩＰＢＣ等，防变色菌效果与１．０％五氯酚钠（ＮａＰＣＰ）相当［５］。２防止木腐菌２．１单一百菌清制剂对木腐菌（Ｐ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｅａ，Ａ．ｖａｉｌａｎｔｉ等）防止效果较好的是１．０％百菌清乳剂，其次是１．０％百菌清可湿性粉剂、０．５０％百菌清乳剂、０．５０％百菌清＋０．５０％ＤＤＡＣ、０．５０％百菌清＋０．１０％ＤＩＴＳ［５］。百菌清防止木材６种褐腐菌及５种白腐菌的效果与ＰＣＰ及ＣＣＡ－Ｃ进行了比较；对Ｎｅｏｌｅｎｔｉｎｕｓｌｅｐｉ－ｄｅｕｓ，Ｔｒａｍｅｔｅｓｖｅｒｓｃｏｌｏｒ菌种，百菌清的抑制效果不及ＰＣＰ；对Ｉｒｐｅｘｌａｃｔｅｕｓ，Ｔｒａｍｅｔｅｓｈｉｓｐｉｄａ菌种，百菌清的抑制效果较ＰＣＰ好；对其它菌种，百菌清的抑制效果与ＰＣＰ相当。对Ｇｌｏｅｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｔｒａｂｅｕｍ、Ｐｏｓｔｉａｐｌａｃｅｎｔａ、Ｃｏｎｉｏｐｈｏｒａｐｕｔｅａｎａ、Ｓｅ     

新防腐剂TWP橡胶木防腐试验

TWP防腐剂对木腐菌的毒性剂量为2.2—3.2kg/m~3,毒杀双钩异翅长蠹初龄幼虫的剂量为1.0kg/m~3,抑制蓝变菌和霉菌的毒性浓度分别为1％及1.5—2.0％,对雄性小鼠口服半致死剂量(LD_(50))为1301mg/kg,使用时对人、畜和环境比较安全,并保持木材原有色泽。生产性应用试验结果表明,橡胶木生材用2.0—2.5％TWP,满细胞法或振荡加压法处理,净药保持量4±0.7kg/m~3,防腐效果相当干硼酚合剂12kg/m~3,并优于进口防腐剂。