水稻早衰产生原因及防治技术

根据多年从事基层水稻生产指导工作实践,分析水稻早衰产生的主要原因,并总结其防治技术措施.     

沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期病害原因的分析

对混凝土桥梁沥青砼桥面铺装的早期病害及其原因进行了分析与研究，在总结当前国内桥面铺装结构主要方法的基础上，通过理论分析，提出了用有限元进行结构受力分析以及需要重点研究分析的几个方面的问题。     

Effects of grape seed extract on meat color and premature browning of meat patties in high-oxygen packaging

This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning (PMB) in ground meat patties (85% beef and 15% pork back fat) packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres (HiOx-MAP).  The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1.  This study evaluated the surface color, pH, lipid oxidation, and total viable counts (TVC) of raw patties, and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a temperature of 66 or 71°C over 10-day storage at 4°C.  Compared with the control (0 g kg^–1 GSE), GSE improved the color stability (P<0.05) and significantly inhibited the lipid and myoglobin oxidation of raw patties from day 5 to 10, but GSE had no effect (P>0.05) on TVC.  Patties containing 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1 GSE cooked to 66°C exhibited greater (P<0.05) interior redness than the control and reduced the PMB of cooked patties in the late storage stage.  These results suggested that 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1 GSE can improve fresh meat color and minimize PMB of HiOx-MAP patties.     

粒子群算法及其应用研究

粒子群优化算法（PSO）源于对鸟群捕食系统的模拟,是近年来被广为关注和研究的一种智能优化算法。PSO算法属于进化算法的一种,比遗传算法（GA）更简单易实现,且没有交叉和变异操作,需要设定的参数也不多,收敛速度快。目前已广泛应用于函数优化、神经网络训练、模糊系统控制以及其他遗传算法等领域。目前PSO的研究主要集中在算法本身和算法的应用研究两个方面。     

不同基因型抗虫棉的光合生产与叶源特征

以33B为对照,对早发型常规Bt棉鲁棉研17、鲁棉研21,晚发型Bt棉鲁棉研22,杂交Bt棉鲁棉研15、鲁棉研20进行了2年的种植和比较。早发型品种中前期干物质积累和叶面积增长快,但后期干物质积累慢、叶面积下降快,表现出明显的早发早熟和干旱年份易早衰的特点;晚发型品种前期干物质积累和叶面积增长慢,但后期增长快,表现出明显的晚发甚至贪青晚熟的特点。两个杂交棉品种表现出与早发型品种基本相同的生育规律,但中前期叶面积系数和干物质积累量显著高于其它供试品种。盛铃期以前,未见品种间功能叶光合速率的显著差异,但在干旱年份,早发型品种在始絮期功能叶的光合速率显著低于晚发型品种。早发型品种中后期的根冠比和功能叶含K量显著低于晚发型品种,而叶面积载荷量却显著高于晚发型品种。不同品种干物质产量和熟相的差异可能分别与叶面积系数大小和库源比例不同有关。     

Meiotic restitution mechanisms and 2n pollen formation in a Solanum tuberosum dihaploid and in dihaploid × wild species hybrids*

A Solatium tuberosum dihaploid that proved to be a 2n pollen producer, exhibited two types of meiotic abnormality involved in 2n pollen formation: premature cytokinesis at prophase II and parallel/tripolar spindles in meiosis II. For this reason such a dihaploid was preferentially used as a seed parent in crosses with the diploid species S. tarijense, S. sanctae-rosae, and S. phureja. Diploid interspecific hybrids were evaluated for male fertility, for 2n pollen production and stability over three years and for meiotic nuclear restitution mechanisms. Pollen stainability ranged from 6 to 85% and 2n pollen from 5 to 35% among hybrids. The meiotic mechanism generating 2n pollen was that of spindle abnormality in meiosis II and consequent dyad/triad formation. High correlation was found between fused/parallel spindles and dyads.     

百脉根早熟品系农艺性状初报

对里奥、迈瑞伯和百脉根早熟品系(源于迈瑞伯)在甘肃景泰的生长状况进行了观察,并对3个品种的物候期、产草量、越冬率等进行了比较.结果表明:早熟品系较其他2个品种物候期明显提前,生育天数明显缩短.早熟品系年均鲜、干草产量分别达42.593、10.553 t/hm2,迈瑞伯分别为29.490、7.562 t/hm2,早熟品系干、鲜草产量极显著高于迈瑞伯;里奥的干草产量为9.604 t/hm2,极显著低于早熟品系.试验结果还表明,早熟品系的生长速度及越冬率均优于迈瑞伯,其在景泰地区的生长表现良好.     

一种用于防止早熟收敛的改进遗传算法

针对遗传算法中的早熟收敛现象,提出了一种改进的遗传算法.该算法利用种群多样性算子产生较好的初始种群分布,并以该算子作为判断种群是否早熟收敛的依据.一旦出现早熟收敛或早熟收敛的趋势,则进行灾变,以恢复算法的进化能力.同时结合种群的最优个体和引入的随机种群,设计了一种包含选择、交叉算子的一般性算子,使算法能有效维持种群的多样性,快速找到全局最优解.     

珍珠鸡人工授精的研究

用电刺激采精方法 ,对 5只雄性成年珍珠鸡进行 2 5只次试验 ,皆获得精液。与按摩采精法相比 ,电刺激采精法采集的精液量 (0 .5 5 m L )显著高于按摩法 (0 .12 m L ) ,平均每次射出的精子总数 (4.2 2亿个 )比按摩采精法 (2 .4 4亿个 )显著增加 ,但精子活率和受精率无显著差异。冷冻试验结果表明 ,精子的活率为 2 0 %～ 5 0 % ,输精结果表明 ,受精率可达 6 0 %。     

Growth responses and foliar sensitivities of native herbaceous species to ozone exposures

This paper reports on open-top chamber studies investigating the effects of different O₃ exposures on native herbaceous plant species. Plants were grown up from seeds, potted into natural soils and exposed to near-ambient O₃ levels during one growing season. A wide range of visible symptoms was apparent during the exposures. Species such as Rumex obtusifolius, Senecio vulgaris or Sonchus asper showed leaf colorations (e.g. reddish pigmentation) that probably indicate a non-specific stress response. In other species especially of the genera Malva and Cirsium the symptoms produced by O₃ appeared to be similar to those characteristic for O₃-specific foliar injury (stippling, flecking). In almost all species tested, O₃ caused premature leaf senescence, which was sometimes associated with premature leaf abscission. However, earlier senescence did not necessarily result in changes in plant growth. Of all species tested, Malva sylvestris was found to be the most sensitive in terms of growth reduction and lower seed production.