齐卡商品肉兔在不同饲养条件下的育肥效果

作者在不同条件下，采用全窝育肥法，重复两年、两个季节测定了齐卡商品肉兔的育肥效果；探讨了温度、季节、营养水平、育肥始重对育肥效果的影响。结果表明：在试验场育肥２５０只齐卡商品兔，９０日龄育肥重２．３３～２．５３公斤，日均增重３１克以上，耗料指数３．３１：１，育肥成活率９５％以上，屠宰率５２％，净肉率８０％，肉骨比５．３５：１，兔肉品质正常。在农村条件下育肥１８０只，９０～１００日龄育肥重２．２～２．４公斤，耗精料指数２．５５：１，育肥成活率８８％～９３％。饲养齐卡商品兔与饲养二元杂交兔相比，每只可增加经济收入２０％以上。育肥季节和始重明显影响育肥未重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。依据本试验，作者建议齐卡商品兔适宜３５日龄断奶，育肥始重应不低于６００克；寒冷季节育肥，育肥第一月的室温应不低于１０℃。育肥适宜营养水平建议消化能（ＤＥ）２６００～２７００大卡／公斤，粗蛋白（ＣＰ）１８％，粗纤维（ＣＦ）１２％以上。     

张家川县放牧补饲条件下的肉牛增重试验

经对12—18月龄西杂一代阉牛10头,采取以放牧为主、夜间补饲,育肥90d,试验表明试验组平均总增重86.4±44.4kg,平均日增重0.96±0.69kg,12月龄的6头日增重1kg,育肥效果显著。     

Growth,Meat Yield,and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period

This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost.     

仔兔补饲方法的比较试验

仔兔从18～20日龄采取随笼补饲和离笼补饲两种方法。两批试验结果表明:随笼补饲的仔兔断奶窝重、窝日增重及成活率均明显高于离笼补饲的仔兔,重要的是随笼补饲极大简化了烦琐操作程序,减少了工作量,更适合规模化养兔场应用。     

浅谈农村环保型养鸡

针对农村养鸡现状与存在的问题，提出在选种、饲料的科学配合、饲养管理制度、合理用药以降低药物残留、加强养鸡场内外环境保护等方面，建立具有农村特色的环保型养鸡模式。     

Effect of diet composition and slaughter weight on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition in veal calves

The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality.     

山羊高床舍饲配套饲养技术探讨

山羊高床舍饲技术通过修建标准化山羊圈舍，实现山羊饲养过程中对山羊个体的有效控制和辅助，降低饲养劳动量和劳动强度；通过带动种草养羊、养羊与沼气结合，在实现山羊饲养的同时，促进了退耕还草、封山育林等生态建设项目的实施。     

Impact of cold-season grazing and supplementary feeding on rumen metabolic parameters and micro-organisms in the ewes of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep北大核心CSCD

An experiment was conducted to scientifically identify the appropriate feed for Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes in order to change the animals' breeding mode, which currently can only be mated at the age of 2.5 years due to insufficient nutritional supply. The experiment selected 48 12-month-old ewes and randomly divided them into group a (Diet 1), group b (Diet 2), group c (Diet 3), and a control group with no supplementary feeding. The feed test was run for 90 days. The rumen pH of groups a and b were very significantly higher (P<0.01) or group c significantly lower (P<0.05) than control group. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen and total nitrogen of groups a, b and c were all higher than control group (P<0.01). The total volatile fatty acids of group a and b were all higher than the control group (P<0.01), group b significantly higher than group c (P<0.05). The molar ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group a was very significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), group b and c were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in group a was very significantly higher than group c (P<0.01). The ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid in group b was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The number of several rumen fiber-degrading bacteria and protozoa in groups a, b and c were very significantly (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementary feeding can positively affect the rumen metabolic parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in Gansu Alpine Fine Wool ewes. In general, the effects of Diet 1 were the strongest, while Diet 2 also produced notable improvements. © 2018, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

软骨提取物压片糖果对膝骨关节炎症状的改善

为了探讨一种以软骨提取物、姜黄、葛根粉和薏苡仁粉为主要组分制成的压片糖果的改善膝骨关节炎临床疗效。该试验采用人体试食试验,通过对比试食压片糖果（试验组）和安慰剂（对照组）两组受试人群在试验前后的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）、临床症状积分和血清白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）、超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C reactive protein, hs-CRP）水平等试验结果,发现试验组的VAS评分、WOMAC评分中疼痛、关节僵硬、生理功能评分和总分均在试食结束后显著降低（P < 0.01）,明显低于对照组;且临床症状评分中关节疼痛、压痛、晨僵时间、肿胀评分和总评分均得到显著减低（P < 0.01）,并呈现出较高的有效率（61.02%）,显著高于对照组（有效率15.25%）（P < 0.01）;此外,试食后试验组的IL-6水平显著降低（P < 0.05）,且试食期间未见不良反应和安全性指标异常。由此可见,该压片糖果具有明显改善膝骨关节炎的疗效,能够缓解膝关节疼痛和肿胀、改善膝关节功能和活动度,控制病情,且可能与调节炎症因子IL-6有关,是一种安全有效改善膝骨关节炎症状的健康食品。     

不同卤虫混养比例对生物絮凝系统凡纳滨对虾标粗效果的影响

在生物絮凝凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中,分别以100%、50%、0%的比例投喂活的卤虫幼体(Artemia spp)和饲料(分别记为A组,AF组和F组),研究其对养殖过程中氮素转化途径及转化效率的影响。卤虫以湿质量计算,饲料以干质量计算。试验结果显示,A组亚硝酸盐浓度显著低于另外2组(P<0.05);各组氨氮浓度在养殖第7天时达到峰值,此后迅速降低并维持在1 mg/L以下,3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);3组硝酸盐浓度均无积累,且略有下降;养殖30 d后,A组对虾存活率(35.67%)显著高于其余两组(均低于30%)(P<0.05);A组对虾终末平均体质量为(1.92±0.96)g,显著低于AF组的(2.99±1.85)g和F组的(3.25±1.23)g(P<0.05),原因可能是卤虫的营养成分相比配合饲料较为单一。