冠心病血瘀证与血液检验相关指标分析

目的 探讨冠心病血瘀证与血液相关检验指标的关系。方法 选择175例冠心病患者，其中血瘀证组112例，非血瘀证组63例。研究对象均在住院次日清晨平躺测量血压，空腹状态下抽取静脉血液留置标本，检测血常规和血脂、血糖、肾功能等生化指标，记录患者吸烟史。比较两组患者指标的差异性。结果 血瘀证组患者的血常规中红细胞分布宽度-CV值（Rdw-cv）、红细胞分布宽度-SD值（Rdw-sd）、血小板分布宽度（Pdw）、血小板平均体积（Mpv）、血小板比积（Pct）、大型血小板比率（P-lct）均明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；血瘀证组患者载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、血脂总胆固醇（TC）均明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.01，P<0.05）；血瘀证组中患者吸烟率明显高于非血瘀证组（P<0.05）。结论 冠心病血瘀证组患者Rdw-cv、Rdw-sd、Pdw、Mpv、Pct、P-lct、TC、ApoB及烟率均明显高于非血瘀证组，差异具有统计学意义，故以上指标可以作为冠心病血瘀证中医辨证分型的客观临床指标。     

A Lymphoid Organ Specific Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor from Litopenaeus vannamei Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activities

Different shrimp species are known to possess apparent distinct resistance to different pathogens in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this finding still remains unknown. One kind of important antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported a newly identified ALF from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and compared the immune function with its counterpart in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The ALF, designated as LvALF8, was specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of L. vannamei. The expression level of LvALF8 was apparently changed after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. The synthetic LBD peptide of LvALF8 (LvALF8-LBD) showed strong antibacterial activities against most tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LvALF8-LBD could also inhibit the in vivo propagation of WSSV similar as FcALF8-LBD, the LBD of LvALF8 counterpart in F. chinensis. However, LvALF8-LBD and FcALF8-LBD exhibited apparently different antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, the main pathogen causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of affected shrimp. A structural analysis showed that the positive net charge and amphipathicity characteristics of LvALF8-LBD peptide were speculated as two important components for its enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to those of FcALF8-LBD. These new findings may not only provide some evidence to explain the distinct disease resistance among different shrimp species, but also lay out new research ground for the testing and development of LBD-originated antimicrobial peptides to control of shrimp diseases.     

First record of epizootic ulcerative syndrome from the Upper Congo catchment: An outbreak in the Bangweulu swamps,Zambia

We report on the first outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) amongst wild fish populations in the Bangweulu swamps, an inland delta, in the north of Zambia during 2014. The area supports a large and diverse fish fauna related to, but distinct from, that of the Zambezi River system where EUS outbreaks have occurred since 2006. A sizeable artisanal fishery, based on extensive fish weirs, is sustained by the annual flooding of the swamps, and observations of the disease outbreak by fishermen were recorded. Signs typical of infection with Aphanomyces invadans were observed in a number of species. Clinical observations, histology and molecular diagnostic methods were used to confirm infection with A. invadans in two of the most commonly and severely affected species. Several features of the wetland may have contributed to the outbreak and the annual recurrence of the disease. Modes by which the disease may have been introduced into the swamps are discussed. The outbreak is of great significance as the Bangweulu swamps drain into the Congo River in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa's largest drainage system with an extensive and diverse fish fauna previously unaffected by EUS.     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立

试验旨在建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征病理模型。选取5日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡公雏280只，随机分为对照组（基础日粮组）和3个模型组（A、B、C组），试验第1~10天给模型组饲喂不同配比的高脂饲料，第11~20天饲喂常规基础日粮，每天观察并记录试验鸡精神状态、外观体征、饮水量和食欲情况，试验第0、10、20天从各组随机抽取15只鸡进行翅静脉采血并剖取肝脏和腹脂，测定肝脏系数、肝脂率、腹脂率，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果显示，试验第10天，3个模型组剖检时可见腹腔和肠系膜有大量的脂肪沉积，肝脏系数、肝脂率和腹脂率，以及血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶指标均符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准；试验第20天，模型A、B组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平有所恢复，其他指标仍高于对照组，而模型C组的临床症状和各项检测指标仍符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准。因此采用连续饲喂高脂饲料C（74.5%基础日粮、6%胆固醇、14%猪油、5%蔗糖、0.5%丙基硫氧嘧啶）可成功建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型。     

凡纳滨对虾氨氮急性胁迫应激敏感群体和耐受群体对WSSV敏感性的差异分析

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是世界范围内举足轻重的水产养殖品种,在普遍的高密度养殖活动及环境恶化的情况下,逆境胁迫是影响其养成率的主要因素之一,其中,高浓度氨氮胁迫是最普遍的毒理因子。由于对虾抗病性状的遗传力较低,且在受限于测试场地的低选择强度情况下,抗病选育的进展比较缓慢。而对虾的抗逆性具有较高的遗传力,且不具备传染性的特点使得其不受测试场地的限制。因此,本研究以氨氮急性胁迫应激敏感群体(SP)和耐受群体(TP)为实验材料,对其进行白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)敏感性差异分析,首次探索了通过提高对虾对逆境急性胁迫应激的耐受性,从而间接提高其抗病力的可能性。本研究每个群体设3个处理:高浓度氨氮胁迫下(10 mg/L)WSSV感染组,两群体分别命名为SPAV和TPAV;正常海水条件下(氨氮水平小于0.01 mg/L)WSSV感染组,分别命名为SPV和TPV;正常海水条件无WSSV感染组(空白对照组),分别命名为SPC和TPC。结果显示,SP群体(5 h)在WSSV感染后开始死亡的时间显著早于TP群体(16 h);从感染60 h后,SPAV组的死亡率呈直线上升趋势,到137 h时该组全部死亡,其累积死亡率显著高于SPV(70.42%)和TP群体的2个组TPAV(42.67%)和TPV(18.99%)(P0.05)。在144 h实验结束时,SPV的累积死亡率为73.67%,显著高于TP群体的2个组TPAV(46.15%)和TPV(18.99%)以及SP群体的对照组SPC(34.79%);此时,TPAV组的累积死亡率显著高于TPV和TPC组(P0.05),而TPV与TPC组间无显著差异。研究表明,逆境毒理因子(氨氮胁迫)会增加对虾对病原的敏感性,而且对氨氮急性胁迫应激耐受力高的群体对病毒的抵抗力也高。本研究为探索提高对虾抗病力而降低养殖过程中的死亡率提供了新的思路和途径。     

不同用穴方案针刺治疗餐后不适综合征型功能性消化不良的临床观察

目的 比较不同用穴方案针刺治疗餐后不适综合征型功能性消化不良（PDS）患者的近期和远期疗效，为寻求合理的用穴方案提供部分理论依据。方法 选择84例在我院消化科确诊并进行针刺治疗的PDS患者，其中29例患者进行基础穴位针刺，55例患者根据症型进行辨证针刺，均治疗2个疗程。比较两组患者疗程结束后和随访2个月后的临床疗效、症状疗效指数（FDI）、尼平消化不良指数（NDI）、健康相关生活质量评分（SF-36）。并在治疗前后，抽血检测患者血清胃泌素（GAS）和胃动素（MTL）水平。结果 治疗2个疗程后，普通针刺组和辨证针刺组的总有效率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗结束后和随访2个月后，辨证针刺组FDI分数与普通针刺组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗结束后和随访2个月后，辨证针刺组患者NDSI和NDLQI分别与普通针刺组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗2个疗程和随访2个月后，辨证针刺组患者SF-36与普通针刺组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗2个疗程后，辨证针刺组患者血清中GAS和MTL水平与治疗前和普通针刺组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 通过辨证分析餐后不适综合征型功能性消化不良患者的临床症型，合理选择用穴方案，可显著改善患者的症状，提高生活质量，同时也可以改善患者血清胃泌素和胃动素含量，具有较好的近期和远期疗效。     

WSSV envelope protein VP51B links structural protein complexes and may mediate virus infection

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an enveloped double‐stranded DNA virus, is the causative agent of a disease that has led to severe mortalities of cultured shrimps in Taiwan and many other countries. In the previous study, Penaeus monodon chitin‐binding protein (CBP) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), two cell membrane proteins, were found to at least interact with other 10 WSSV envelope proteins including VP51B. These envelope proteins might form a protein complex. According to the known information, VP51B was used to identify its role in the protein complex. Western blotting of the intact viral particles and fractionation of the viral components confirmed that VP51B is one of WSSV envelope proteins. In this study, the protein–protein interaction between VP51B and other WSSV envelope proteins was identified by far‐western blot experiment and VP51B was found to interact with VP24, VP31, VP32, VP39B and VP41A. Furthermore, the in vivo neutralization experiment using recombinant VP51B plus with VP39B showed the best inhibition. These data indicate that VP51B participates in the WSSV protein complex and plays an important role in WSSV infection.     

丹栀逍遥散对多囊卵巢大鼠高雄激素血症雄激素、瘦素及其受体表达的影响

目的 观察丹栀逍遥散对多囊卵巢综合征伴高雄激素血症大鼠雄激素、瘦素及其受体的影响。方法 利用脱氢表雄酮诱导建立多囊卵巢大鼠高雄激素血症模型，随机设立丹栀逍遥组、达英组、模型组、空白对照组，予以相应药物干预。实验结束后观察卵巢形态学变化；酶联免疫法测定血清雄激素水平；ELISA法检测血清瘦素；免疫组化测定卵巢瘦素受体的表达。结果 与模型组相比，丹栀逍遥散可显著降低大鼠血清瘦素、睾酮、游离睾酮水平值，减少卵巢瘦素受体阳性表达，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 丹栀逍遥散可降低多囊卵巢高雄激素血症大鼠血清瘦素、雄激素水平值，减少卵巢瘦素受体阳性表达，进而降低瘦素生物利用度及雄激素活性，从而改善多囊卵巢综合征高雄激素血症和排卵障碍。     

湖北省潜江地区克氏原螯虾(procambarus clarkii)白斑综合征(White Spot Syndrome)PCR诊断及组织病理学观察

近年来在湖北省范围内人工养殖的克氏原螯虾暴发了严重的疾病，其中白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）已成为危害克氏原螯虾健康养殖的重要病原。2016年5月湖北省潜江市养殖区暴发了一种传染性疾病，为探究此次疾病病因和流行规律，将染病虾进行临床症状观察、对病料进行PCR检测、系统发育树分析、人工感染和组织病理学观察。结果显示，发病克氏原螯虾临床症状主要表现为摄食减少，活力下降，反应迟钝；组织病理学观察结果显示，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺、肠、肌肉、鳃组织均出现不同程度变性和坏死以及炎性细胞浸润等典型病理学变化，与WSSV感染克氏原螯虾出现的病变相似；PCR检测患病克氏原螯虾样品，结果显示WSSV呈阳性，阳性检出率为55.56%（15/27），未检测到斑节对虾杆状病毒（MBV）和传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（IHHNV）；检测产物测序并进行系统发育树分析，结果显示，该基因序列与WSSV的EG3株（KR083866.1）核苷酸序列同源性为100%。将病虾的肝胰腺、肠和肌肉组织投喂健康克氏原螯虾，投喂组均表现为急性死亡（累积死亡率为100%），并出现与自然发病虾相同的症状。WSSV的巢式PCR检测结果显示，人工感染病虾为WSSV阳性。根据以上显示，本次养殖克氏原螯虾大规模死亡的病原是WSSV。