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1.
为改善有刺黄龙果在引种地区的生长势,提高其抗逆性,本研究探讨了不同砧木和嫁接方法对有刺黄龙果嫁接育苗的影响,以期筛选到适宜有刺黄龙果的砧木和嫁接方法。结果表明,不同砧木和嫁接方法对有刺黄龙果的成活率、出芽率和新芽长势有显著影响。嫁接30天时,芽接、楔接、套接和平接法的愈合率显著高于插接和靠接法。嫁接45天时,平接、靠接和楔接法的出芽率较高,分别是76.7%、76.7%和66.7%。嫁接苗田间定植2个月时,平接、靠接和楔接法嫁接苗长势较快。其中楔接法嫁接效率高,适合工厂化批量嫁接。白肉品种‘无刺黄龙’和红肉品种‘金都1号’、‘富贵红’是有刺黄龙果嫁接的优良砧木,嫁接2个月时出芽率分别为86.7%、90.0%和86.7%,且新芽高度和宽度均大于其他砧木。综上所述,适宜有刺黄龙果规模化嫁接育苗的嫁接方法是楔接法,砧木是‘金都1号’、‘富贵红’和‘无刺黄龙’。  相似文献   
2.
拟果蝇钠离子通道基因克隆及其生物信息学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了拟果蝇Drosophila simulans电压门控钠离子通道基因序列,明确其典型特征,分析了进化关系,为拟果蝇抗性分子机理研究奠定基础。克隆得到拟果蝇钠离子通道开放阅读框(GenBank登录号为MT113357),长为6270 bp,编码2090个氨基酸。通过生物信息学分析,发现拟果蝇与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster钠离子通道基因相似度高达96.86%,与家蝇Musca domestica钠离子通道基因相似度达88.75%,在进化起源上与双翅目果蝇属昆虫有极高的相似度。所克隆出的序列符合昆虫钠离子通道的基本特征,具有DEKA模块和疏水性失活闸门MFM。获得三个选择性剪接(i、a、b)和17个RNA编辑。本文成功克隆拟果蝇钠离子通道基因,对拟果蝇钠离子通道基因进行分析,为研究其抗性机理奠定基础,为农业生产新型药剂的开发提供了新思路。  相似文献   
3.
为实现收获后含杂马铃薯中土块石块的快速检测和剔除,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v4模型的马铃薯中土块石块检测方法。YOLO v4模型以CSPDarknet53为主干特征提取网络,在保证检测准确率的前提下,利用通道剪枝算法对模型进行剪枝处理,以简化模型结构、降低运算量。采用Mosaic数据增强方法扩充图像数据集(8621幅图像),对模型进行微调,实现了马铃薯中土块石块的检测。测试表明,剪枝后模型总参数量减少了94.37%,模型存储空间下降了187.35 MB,前向运算时间缩短了0.02 s,平均精度均值(Mean average precision, mAP)下降了2.1个百分点,说明剪枝处理可提升模型性能。为验证模型的有效性,将本文模型与5种深度学习算法进行比较,结果表明,本文算法mAP为96.42%,比Faster R-CNN、Tiny-YOLO v2、YOLO v3、SSD分别提高了11.2、11.5、5.65、10.78个百分点,比YOLO v4算法降低了0.04个百分点,模型存储空间为20.75 MB,检测速度为78.49 f/s,满足实际生产需要。  相似文献   
4.
为研究气固两相流中固体颗粒间碰撞对冲蚀的影响,提出一种利用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo,DSMC)方法和计算流体力学(CFD)计算颗粒间碰撞的冲蚀预测方法。使用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法,将气相作为连续相,通过Navier-Stokes方程求解,颗粒平移运动由离散相模型(DPM)求解。颗粒平移运动由Eulerian-Lagrangian框架下的DPM求解,计算颗粒间碰撞运动时采用DSMC方法以少量采样颗粒代替真实颗粒,碰撞的发生条件通过修正的Nanbu方法判定。分析气固两相流中颗粒间碰撞对弯管冲蚀速率和颗粒分布的影响,结果表明:使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞,Oka模型的平均百分误差从39.2%降低至27.4%;计算颗粒间碰撞时弯管内拱侧的无颗粒区变小,最大冲蚀位置沿外拱轴线后移5°,同时V形冲蚀痕迹的两翼向外侧扩大。使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞可以明显降低模型误差,考虑颗粒间碰撞的Oka模型与实验结果偏差最小,是冲蚀预测的最佳模型。  相似文献   
5.
目的】响应面分析法优化杏酒发酵工艺条件,为杏加工企业提供技术支撑。【方法】以新疆毛杏为原料,通过单因素和响应面分析法,研究初始糖度、初始pH值、发酵温度各自变量及其交互作用对杏酒品质的影响,并建立回归模型,得到最适杏酒发酵工艺参数。【结果】得到回归方程为:Y=89.40+3.00A+2.88B+1.63C+1.75AB-1.25AC-1.00BC-2.95A2-8.70B2-4.70C2。杏酒最适发酵工艺条件为:杏水比1∶0.5,酵母接种量0.04%,初始糖度22.5%,初始pH值3.6,发酵温度18℃,此条件下感官评分为90.3,与模型预测值吻合。【结论】响应面分析法提供的模型较真实的拟合了实际情况,证明了模型的可靠性。  相似文献   
6.
为了解金属硫酸盐浸种对水稻种子萌发和秧苗吸收Cd等元素的影响,以水稻品种五丰优286为试验材料,选择多种浓度的硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)、硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和硫酸锰(MnSO4)作为浸种剂进行室内催芽和水培试验,测定水稻胚根长、胚芽长、发芽率,以及秧苗中的Cd、Mg、B、P、K含量。结果显示,FeSO4和MnSO4浸种均可提高水稻的发芽率,促进胚根和胚芽生长,且能有效降低秧苗中的Cd含量;而ZnSO4浸种对水稻胚根和胚芽的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,且会增加秧苗中的Cd含量。FeSO4和MnSO4浸种对水稻秧苗Mg、B、P、K的吸收无明显抑制作用,且FeSO4浸种对秧苗B的吸收有促进作用。总的来看,FeSO4和MnSO4浸种具有较好的降低水稻Cd吸收的应用潜力,值得进一步深入研究。  相似文献   
7.
The use of live animals for educational purposes is an old practice that is still employed in teaching and research institutions. However, there are several objections to this practice, whether for ethical or humanitarian reasons. Surgical techniques teaching using anatomical pieces and/or preserved cadavers promotes greater learning efficiency, provides exercise repetition and increases the confidence and satisfaction of the students when compared to the use of live animals. The current work aimed to analyse the feasibility of using fresh swine urinary bladder and small intestines (jejunum), obtained from slaughterhouses, fixed in 99.8% ethyl alcohol (EA) and preserved in sodium chloride hypersaturated solution (SCHS) at 30%, for 7, 14 and 21 days, as an alternative method for surgical skills training (SST). Swine viscera, fixed in EA and preserved in SCHS, presented a realistic appearance, absence of odour and maintained the viable morphological characteristics during the performance of the operative techniques. Preservation solutions had low cost, were easy to acquire and did not offers risks to human health. Therefore, urinary bladders and small intestines fixed in 99.8% EA for 30 days and maintained in 30% SCHS at different periods were demonstrated as a good viable option as a preservation method for surgical skills training.  相似文献   
8.
Meiotic disturbances in F1 hybrids and their progenies are still major problems in wide hybridization.To investigate the genome affinity reflected in chromosome pairing and segregation,we studied chromosome behaviors during meiosis in two interspecific F1 hybrids[O.minuta×O.australiensis(Om×Oa,BCE genome)and Oa×O.ridleyi(Or,EHJ genome)]by using both traditional staining methods and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH).GISH analysis has been successfully performed on mitotic chromosomes to distinguish different Oryza genomes,but relatively fewer systematic analyses of meiotic chromosomes of interspecific hybrids have been reported.In the hybrids,highly irregular chromosome behaviors through meiosis resulted in producing microspores with unbalanced genome.At diakinesis of these two hybrids,most chromosomes present as univalent,with low frequency as bivalents and occasionally as trivalents.In a pollen mother cell,2 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 4 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Oa×Or,and 1 to 8 bivalents and 0 to 5 trivalents were observed in the hybrid Om×Oa.GISH results indicated that 51.52%bivalents in Oa×Or and 79.65%bivalents in Om×Oa involved allosyndetic association,which indicates that recombination and introgression should be possible if viable backcrosses can be recovered even from triploid hybrids.In this study,we revealed that the meiotic disturbance due to low affinities between parental genomes is the major reason for the sterility of these two triploid interspecific hybrids.The two hybrids showing vigor in reproductive growth are potential genetic resources in future breeding programs.A better understanding of genomic affinities between these distant Oryza species can facilitate planning an effective breeding program by using wide hybridization,and efficient and routine GISH analysis is helpful to monitor alien introgression in the process.  相似文献   
9.
[目的] 分析山西省大同市退耕还林以来生态系统服务价值(ESV)的时空特征,为大同市国土空间规划和生态修复工程提供科学参考。[方法] 以Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源,运用RS和GIS技术提取研究区2000,2005,2010,2015和2019年土地利用数据,通过土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵,揭示了大同市近20 a土地利用变化规律,并采用价值当量法对大同市生态系统服务价值进行分析。[结果] ①2000—2019年,耕地、草地、林地为大同市主体土地利用类型,2005—2010年综合土地利用动态度最高,土地利用转移主要是草地转化为林地,耕地转化为建设用地; ②大同市整体生态系统服务价值大幅度下降,20 a内总价值减少3.16亿元; ③各单项生态系统服务功能的价值由高到低依次表现为:调节服务>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务; ④各区县生态系统服务价值分为5个等级,空间分布整体趋势南高北低,呈波动状态。[结论] 林地和草地在生态系统服务中贡献最大,建设用地的负价值极高。因此,在国土空间规划中要提高建设用地的利用效率,控制建设用地规模,生态修复工程应以建设林地和草地为主。  相似文献   
10.
  1. Many river rehabilitation projects have been criticized for failing to meet their goals or for being insufficiently monitored. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop robust approaches for assessing treatment efficacy and thus guide the increasing investment in rehabilitation.
  2. Instream biotopes (formerly called ‘functional habitats’ or ‘mesohabitats’ by different authors) and their macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the effectiveness of entire-channel hydromorphological rehabilitation of a 1.8-km stretch of a lowland stream through the town of Market Harborough, Leicestershire, UK.
  3. The project successfully enhanced the physical diversity, measured in the rehabilitated reach as the coefficients of variability for channel water depth and width, wet surface area, number of instream biotopes, and biotope diversity.
  4. The project also enhanced the biodiversity conservation value, measured as macroinvertebrate total density, total biomass, richness, diversity, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, EPT diversity, EPT count%, and EPT biomass%, all of which significantly increased following rehabilitation. Chironomidae count% and biomass% significantly decreased following rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was also successful in significantly increasing macroinvertebrate shredder, scraper, and filter-feeder group density.
  5. Changes in the macroinvertebrate community metrics in the rehabilitated reach were related significantly to changes in the percentages of cover of instream biotopes and increases in biotope diversity in the rehabilitated reach.
  6. Macroinvertebrate structural and functional metrics can provide quantitative data for assessing reach-level rehabilitation outcomes, if samples are collected in a pre-defined sampling protocol stratified at the instream biotope level.
  7. The practical implications of this work are that the design of rehabilitation projects, if based upon the recreation of biotope heterogeneity, will succeed in improving biological value and restoring the area to near naturalness if a suitable upstream source of macroinvertebrates for natural recolonization is available. The study shows that the concept of biotopes has an important role to play in river conservation management.
  相似文献   
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