冷等离子体种子处理对铜胁迫下小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

为了评价冷等离子体种子处理对小麦种子萌发和生长抗重金属胁迫能力的影响,以4种不同功率的冷等离子体处理的3种小麦种子为研究对象,在3个不同浓度的硫酸铜胁迫下进行萌发成苗试验。通过测定种子的发芽率、根长、苗长以及根、苗中的Cu含量,计算发芽指数、种子活力指数,研究了冷等离子体种子处理对铜胁迫作用下小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体种子处理对小麦在铜胁迫下的发芽率、发芽指数影响不显著,但提高了种子的萌发活力,根长和苗长最多分别提高了46.2%和145.4%,活力指数最多提高了82.1%。在低浓度Cu胁迫时,冷等离子体处理能够促进根、苗对Cu的吸收;而高浓度Cu胁迫时,冷等离子体在一定程度上能够提高Cu的转运能力,缓解了Cu对种子萌发活力、苗长和根长的抑制作用与毒害作用。研究表明,适宜功率的冷等离子体种子处理能够增强种子萌发和幼苗生长对重金属胁迫的抗性。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测量土壤中有效锌含量的不确定度评估

对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定土壤有效锌含量的不确定度进行评定,分析了整个检测过程产生不确定度的来源,对称样量、浸提液体积、标准系列溶液配制、线性标准曲线拟合、测量重复性等产生的不确定度分量进行计算,量化给出扩展不确定度。待测土壤中有效锌含量最终结果表示:w(Zn)=(1.12±0.10)mg/kg,包含因子k=2,置信概率为95%。测量过程中,标准溶液制备所产生的不确定度最大。因此,在ICP-OES法测定土壤样品有效锌时应足够重视标准溶液制备与曲线拟合过程,以减小测量不确定度。本文研究结果为控制ICP-OES法测定土壤有效锌数据质量提供了理论依据。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.     

Optimal dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios for silvery‐black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles

Four isonitrogenous diets containing different carbohydrate:lipid (CHO:L) ratios (0.3, 0.6, 1.1 and 1.8) were tested in triplicate groups (16 fish per replicate) of silvery‐black porgy juveniles for 8 weeks. Growth performance was not affected by different dietary CHO:L ratios (P > 0.05); however, the viscerosomatic index, the intraperitoneal fat, whole‐body lipid, energy and n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids levels increased with decreasing dietary CHO:L ratios (P < 0.05). Fish fed with 1.8 CHO:L diet had the lowest apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and lipid, as well as the lowest plasma haemolytic and lysozyme activities (P < 0.05). Red blood cell counts and plasma glucose levels were higher in fish fed with 1.1 and 1.8 CHO:L ratio diets than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Plasma alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in the liver and plasma increased as dietary CHO:L ratios decreased (P < 0.05). The results of the current study indicated that the diets with CHO:L ratios between 0.6 and 1.1 are optimal for silvery‐black porgy, whereas higher ratios may result in hyperglycaemia and immune suppression, and lower CHO:L ratios may lead to oxidative stress and liver dysfunction.     

Dietary nucleotide mixture effects on reproductive and performance,ovary fatty acid profile and biochemical parameters of female Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The effects of different dietary nucleotide mixture (NT) levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) were investigated on the reproductive performance, fatty acid profile and biochemical parameters in Litopenaeus vannamei female that were co‐fed with fresh food (two times daily) and experimental diets (two times daily) for 30 days. Sampling was carried out at the first day of the trial, before eyestalk ablation (ESA) (day 21) and after ESA (day 30). Reproductive performance parameters including the hepatopancreatic index, absolute fecundity, egg diameter and latency period were higher in the NT‐supplemented groups than the control group (p < .05). Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ovaries, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, were higher in the NT‐supplemented groups than in the control (222.6 ± 7.3 versus 204.7 ± 3.0 mg/g extracted lipid) (p < .05). Total hemocyte count, granular cells, plasma glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), calcium (Ca²⁺), total cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (Tg) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly increased in the NT‐supplemented groups in comparison with the control group (p < .05). After ESA, the concentration of plasma Glu, TP, Chol and Tg significantly decreased, but HDL levels increased in all groups (p < .05). These results suggested that the application of dietary NT may present a novel strategy for increasing reproductive performance and health status in L. vannamei.     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

犀角地黄汤加减联合血浆置换治疗急重型系统性红斑狼疮的疗效与机制研究

目的 探讨犀角地黄汤加减联合血浆置换（PE）治疗急重型系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的疗效及作用机制。方法 纳入我院180例SLE患者，随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组。A组采取环磷酰胺冲击治疗、B组采取PE治疗，C组采取PE联合犀角地黄汤。比较三组治疗前后的症状评分、SLEDAI评分、补体C₃、血沉（ESR）、抗ds-DNA抗体、血清肌酐（Scr）、血清胱抑素（CsyC）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、24 h尿蛋白、人干扰素-r（IFN-r）、白介素-10（IL-10）、BAFF因子，统计3组治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果 B、C组治疗后各观察点的症状评分、SLEDAI评分、ESR、ds-DNA抗体、24 h尿蛋白、Scr、CsyC、AST、ALT、血清BAFF均低于A组（P<0.05）。C组治疗后各观察点的IFN-r^- IL-10⁺与IFN-r⁺ IL-10⁺亚群所占百分率低于A、B组（P<0.05）。B、C组治疗后各观察点的C₃高于A组（P<0.05）。B组与C组治疗总有效率为分别为90.0%、93.3%，均高于A组的71.7%（P<0.05）。C组不良反应发生率为10.0%，低于A组与B组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论 PE可去除血浆中有害成分、抑制炎症反应，联合犀角地黄汤可进一步扶助正气、解毒化瘀，改善机体免疫功能，达到增效减毒目的，效果更理想。     

Different origins of two corpora lutea recovered from a pregnant African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Elephant ovaries contain multiple corpora lutea (CLs) throughout pregnancy. Two CLs (P‐1 and P‐2) collected from a pregnant African elephant were used to investigate their origin and physiological state in this study. The mRNA expressions of prolactin receptor, CYP11A and inhibin betaB subunit were higher in P‐2 than in P‐1, while LHCGR and inhibin betaA subunit mRNA were higher in P‐1 than in P‐2. Protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3 was detected in P‐1 but not in P‐2. These results suggest different origins for the two CLs in this one pregnant elephant, and we also demonstrated the production of bioactive prolactin by the elephant placenta.     

不同栽培方式对金线莲中微量元素的影响

[目的]建立微波消解-ICP-MS法测定金线莲中微量元素,为企业种植金线莲及质量标准的制定提供依据。[方法]样品微波消解后,采用ICP-MS法测定各元素含量,比较不同品种、不同栽培方式及月龄对金线莲中各微量元素的影响。[结果]各微量元素标液工作曲线的线性良好,相关系数≥0.999,精密度RSD≤4.4%,重复性RSD≤5.8%,回收率89.4%~114.2%,回收率RSD≤4.8%。金线莲不同品种间微量元素含量有较大差异,其中以Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn的含量较高。[结论]金线莲中的微量元素含量随种植周期的延长而增长。该方法快捷准确、灵敏稳定、重现性好,可用于同时测定金线莲中各微量元素的含量。     

微囊藻毒素对水稻幼苗营养吸收的影响

为进一步解析作物对水体中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的适应机制,通过水培试验研究MCs对水稻幼苗营养吸收及质膜H~+-ATPase基因表达的影响。结果表明:胁迫7 d后,1μg·L~(-1)MCs组水稻幼苗根系活力增加。10μg·L~(-1)MCs组水稻幼苗根系活力和质膜H~+-ATPase活性增加,促进了矿质营养(Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和NO_3~-)的吸收。其中质膜H~+-ATPase活性上升与OSA1、OSA2、OSA3、OSA4、OSA6、OSA8和OSA9表达上调有关。高浓度MCs(100μg·L~(-1)和1000μg·L~(-1))组水稻幼苗根系活力和质膜H~+-ATPase活性降低,阻碍了水稻幼苗对矿质营养的吸收,此时质膜H~+-ATPase的基因表达呈下调趋势,且降低程度随MCs处理浓度增大而增强。恢复7 d后,10μg·L~(-1)MCs组根系活力、质膜H~+-ATPase活性和营养元素含量恢复至对照水平。100μg·L~(-1)MCs组各指标均优于胁迫期,而1000μg·L~(-1)MCs对营养吸收的抑制未恢复。研究表明,MCs胁迫导致的水稻幼苗中营养元素含量的变化受质膜H~+-ATPase活性的调控,且调控能力受MCs浓度限制。