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为研究饲料中不同钙磷比对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能、血清生化、矿物质沉积和能量代谢的影响,配制5种等氮等脂(46%粗蛋白和7%粗脂肪)钙磷比分别为1.00∶2.00、1.00∶1.50、1.00∶1.00、1.00∶0.75和1.00∶0.50的实验饲料。选择初始体质量为(12.82±0.37) g的梭子蟹150只,随机分成5组(每组3个重复,每个重复10只),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,钙磷比为1.00∶1.00和1.00∶0.75的饲料,其特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)显著高于其他组。钙磷比为1.00∶0.50饲料组幼蟹血淋巴的谷草转氨酶(GOT)显著高于其他组,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随着饲料钙磷比的增加呈上升的趋势。幼蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和甲壳中的磷含量随着钙磷比的升高呈下降的趋势,且钙磷比1.00∶2.00组幼蟹磷含量显著高于1.00∶0.50组。钙磷比1.00∶1.50和1.00∶1.00组幼蟹肝胰腺ATP含量显著高于其他饲料组。幼蟹肝胰腺己糖激酶(HK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活性随饲料钙磷比的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势,当钙磷比为1时,梭子蟹肝胰腺的HK和SDH酶活性最高。此外,钙磷比1.00∶1.00组显著上调了梭子蟹肝胰腺电子传递链相关基因(nd1、sdhc、cytb和coxⅡ)的表达水平,当钙磷比为1.00∶0.75时,显著上调了幼蟹肝胰腺线粒体能量代谢相关基因(ATPase6、sirt3和nrf1)的表达量。研究表明,本实验条件下,以增重率为评价指标,通过回归模型得到梭子蟹最适钙磷比为1.06~1.26,在此范围内能促进三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长、维持组织的最适磷沉积以及很好地促进能量的产生。  相似文献   
3.
Yield performance in cereal and legume intercropping is related to nutrient management, however, the yield response of companion crops to nitrogen (N) input is inconclusive and only limited efforts have focused on rationed phosphorous (P) fertilization. In this study, two multi-year field experiments were implemented from 2014–2019 under identical conditions. Two factors in a randomized complete block design were adopted in both experiments. In field experiment 1, the two factors included three planting patterns (mono-cropped wheat (MW), mono-cropped faba bean (MF), and wheat and faba bean intercropping (W//F)) and four N application rates (N0, 0 kg N ha–1; N1, 90 and 45 kg N ha–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively; N2, 180 and 90 kg N ha–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively; and N3, 270 and 135 kg N ha–1 for wheat and faba beans, respectively). In field experiment 2, the two factors included three P application rates (P0, 0 kg P2O5 ha–1; P1, 45 kg P2O5 ha–1; and P2, 90 kg P2O5 ha–1) and the same three planting patterns (MW, MF, and W//F). The yield performances of inter- and mono-cropped wheat and faba beans under different N and P application rates were analyzed and the optimal N and P rates for intercropped wheat (IW) and MW were estimated. The results revealed that intercropping favored wheat yield and was adverse to faba bean yield. Wheat yield increased by 18–26%, but faba bean yield decreased by 5–21% in W//F compared to MW and MF, respectively. The stimulated IW yield drove the yield advantage in W//F with an average land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.12. N and P fertilization benefited IW yield, but reduced intercropped faba bean (IF) yield. Nevertheless, the partial LER of wheat (pLERwheat) decreased with increasing N application rates, and the partial LER of faba bean (pLERfaba bean) decreased with increasing P application rates. Thus, LER decreased as N input increased and tended to decline as P rates increased. IW maintained a similar yield as MW, even under reduced 40–50% N fertilizer and 30–40% P fertilizer conditions. The estimated optimum N application rates for IW and MW were 150 and 168 kg ha–1, respectively, and 63 and 62 kg ha–1 for P2O5, respectively. In conclusion, W//F exhibited yield advantages due to stimulated IW yield, but the intercropping yield benefit decreased as N and P inputs increased. Thus, it was concluded that modulated N and P rates could maximize the economic and ecological functions of intercropping. Based on the results, rates of 150 kg Nha–1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 are recommended for IW production in southwestern China and places with similar conditions.  相似文献   
4.
基于无人机高光谱影像的水稻叶片磷素含量估算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为快速获取水稻叶片磷素含量信息,采用无人机搭载高光谱成像仪获取水稻冠层高光谱影像,并采样检测叶片磷素含量(质量分数)(Leaf phosphorus content, LPC)。分析了水稻LPC在无人机高光谱影像上的光谱特征,使用连续投影算法提取对磷素敏感的特征波长,通过任意波段组合构建并筛选与磷素高度相关的光谱指数,基于特征波长反射率和光谱指数建立水稻LPC的估算模型,利用最佳模型对高光谱影像进行反演填图,得到LPC空间分布信息。结果表明:全生育期内LPC与462~718 nm范围内光谱反射率显著负相关,负相关最大处相关系数达到-0.902;LPC的特征波长为670、706、722、846 nm,基于特征波长、使用偏最小二乘回归建立的LPC估算模型精度最高,验证R2达到0.925,RMSE为0.027%;在任意波段组合构建的3种类型的光谱指数中,NDSI(R498,R606)、RSI(R498,R606)和DSI(R498,R586)与LPC的相关性最高,相关系数分别为0.913、0.915和0.938;基于3个光谱指数、使用神经网络构建的LPC估算模型精度较高,验证R2为0.885,RMSE为0.029%;对各生育期水稻LPC空间分布的反演结果与实测数据相一致,说明利用无人机高光谱遥感可以实现田间水稻LPC的快速无损监测。  相似文献   
5.
王学鹏 《中国饲料》2021,(2):125-128
粮食和饲料的国际贸易促进了许多国家农业生产系统的专业化和集约化。专业化动物养殖越来越多地依赖进口大豆和玉米,虽然提高了动物生产力,但也促使作物和动物生产系统在空间上的分离。本文综述了几十年来全球范围内大豆和玉米的贸易变化,并将其与养殖密度和整个食品系统中营养平衡的变化联系起来。这一变化与不同的营养管理条例的差异和动物饲养密度的空间变化有关。深入解析这些变化有助于理解动物饲料国际贸易、养殖密度与氮磷平衡之间的复杂关系。  相似文献   
6.
柱花草磷饥饿响应基因SgPHR1和SgPHR2的克隆与表达分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
低磷胁迫是限制作物生长和产量的重要因素之一。磷饥饿响应因子PHR(phosphate starvation response)是植物磷信号调控网络中的关键因子,具有调控植物磷平衡的生物学功能。本研究在柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)中克隆到转录因子SgPHR1SgPHR2基因。SgPHR1SgPHR2基因cDNA全长分别为1413 bp和849 bp,编码470和282个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子量分别为51.4 kD和30.9 kD。SgPHR1和SgPHR2均为SANT家族成员,包含MYB蛋白结构域和CC蛋白结构域,并具有多个潜在的磷酸化位点。亚细胞定位预测表明,SgPHR1和SgPHR2均定位于细胞核中。实时定量PCR结果表明,SgPHR1基因在柱花草根和叶中的表达量高于茎中的表达量,而SgPHR2基因在叶中表达量显著高于根和茎。缺磷(-P)和缺氮(-N)处理均显著增强了SgPHR1SgPHR2在柱花草根中的表达。不同缺磷时间处理结果进一步表明了SgPHR1SgPHR2在转录水平上响应低磷胁迫,暗示SgPHR1SgPHR2可能参与了柱花草对低磷胁迫的应答。本研究结果为解析柱花草响应低磷胁迫的分子机制提供了候选基因。  相似文献   
7.
In order to simplify the workload and find a reliable method for screening soybeans with different phosphorus(P)efficiencies,47 soybean varieties were screened from 90 varieties according to yield under normal phosphorus,and 10 indicators including root phenotype,phosphorus utilization efficiency at the seedling stage and yield were measured.Through single-index cluster analysis,the performance value and relative value of the abovementioned indexes under low-phosphorus conditions were analyzed,and then,the combined indexes were analyzed by principal components method.The membership function method and the cluster analysis method was used to calculate and analyze the comprehensive score value.Three indexes of root P utilization efficiency(X1),relative value of root P utilization efficiency(X2),and root volume(X3)under low P at the seedling stage were selected as the most consistent with the yield screening results under low P condition,and the mathematical model of the comprehensive score value was obtained:D=1.218X1t 0.320X2t 0.007X3-0.664(P=0.000,R2=1.000).The comprehensive score can screen and identify the P efficiency of soybeans with fewer indexes in the early growth stages,which provides a more rapid and reliable mathematical model for screening and identifying a larger number of germplasm resources for P efficiency.  相似文献   
8.
为深入理解未来大气CO2浓度升高背景下草地生态系统结构与功能响应土壤磷亏缺的潜在机理,该研究利用可精准控制CO2浓度的大型人工气候室,探讨了正常CO2浓度400 μmol/mol、升高CO2浓度800 μmol/mol和磷素供应水平(0.004、0.012、0.02、0.06、0.1和0.5 mmol/L)对黑麦草气孔特征及其气体交换过程的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度升高使供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的气孔密度增加约35%(P=0.012)和25%(P<0.001),但却减小气孔开度13%(P=0.002)和12%(P=0.005),且导致供磷水平为0.06 mmol/L的黑麦草气孔分布更加规则。同时,CO2浓度升高还导致供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的净光合速率显著增加8.6%(P=0.002)和15.8%(P<0.001),从而提高黑麦草的水分利用效率。另外,不同供磷水平明显改变了植株生物量及其分配,且高浓度CO2对较高磷水平时地上生长产生更强的施肥效应。研究结果将为深入理解草地生态系统对大气CO2浓度升高和土壤磷素亏缺的响应机理提供理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   
9.
The effect of organic acids (OA) and dicalcium phosphate (Pi) supplementation in the feed of Labeo rohita fingerlings was studied by formulating seven practical diets, designed as D1 with no feed additives {dicalcium phosphorus (Pi) and organic acid (OA) blend} while, D2, D3, D4 and D5 were supplemented with Pi at the graded levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg, respectively, whereas D6 and D7 contained blend of OA at 15 and 30 g/kg, respectively. The diet supplemented with OA blend exhibited increase (p < .05) in growth of L. rohita fingerlings compared with the diet supplemented with Pi. The OA supplementation at both levels showed significant improvement in nutrients digestibility and minerals absorption in fingerlings. Moreover, in case of muscle proximate composition, crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) were increased (p < .05) with the inclusion of OA blend in the diet while crude ash (CA) was improved by Pi supplementation. Additionally, digestive enzyme activities were not affected (? .05) by OA blend supplementation while increased activities were observed in the fingerlings fed with Pi diet. Consequently, supplementation of OA blend in the diet improved the growth performance and nutrient status while Pi enhanced digestive enzyme activities of L. rohita fingerlings.  相似文献   
10.
为探讨三江平原植被对不同形态氮的吸收偏好,以三江平原典型植物群落——草甸小叶章群落为研究对象,利用15N示踪技术,施加标记的NH+4-N和NO-3-N。结果表明:草甸小叶章群落5种植物均表现出喜硝性,且优势种小叶章吸收的铵态氮和硝态氮最多。优势种小叶章不同器官短期内偏好硝态氮的优先顺序为叶>茎>根。土壤中大部分外源氮被植物吸收,土壤残留的铵态氮多于硝态氮。  相似文献   
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