湖南首次发现东方行军蚁为害茶树

【目的】鉴定并描述发生在湖南慈利的一种为害茶树根茎部的茶树害虫,以期明确其种名并为生产防治提供依据。【方法】采用形态学及DNA条形码技术对其进行物种鉴定,进一步对其生物学进行记录和描述。【结果】通过形态学和分子生物学研究,该虫被鉴定为东方行军蚁(Dorylus orientalis westwood,1835)。该虫蛀食茶树根茎部皮层进行为害,被害茶园形成多处缺株,产量损失大,严重影响茶树的生长和产量。【结论】东方行军蚁是一种新记录的茶树害虫,具有虫体较小、繁殖力强、为害具有隐蔽性的特点,可采取灯光诱杀、毒饵诱杀和化学防治等措施进行防治。     

Distribution and diversity of leaf-cutting ants in Northeastern Argentina: species most associated with forest plantations

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants (LCA) are considered one of the main herbivores and one of the most destructive pest insects of the Neotropics. Northeastern Argentina harbors the greatest species richness of these ants and in turn comprises the highest surface with forest plantations. Our aim was to establish which species of leaf-cutting ants are most commonly associated with forest plantations by analyzing their geographic distribution using published and unpublished species occurrence data. Also, estimate their potential areas of distribution along a latitudinal gradient that entirely encompasses northeastern Argentina using Ecological Niche Modeling. Only seven of the 20 species recorded were strongly associated with productive systems along the gradient, but only 2–3 species in each region could be considered high-risk species for forest plantations. High-risk species composition shows a turnover between regions. Our models show the potential distribution areas where LCA could become more abundant and dominant, and possibly causing a detrimental effect on the forest plantations in the studied region. We find that ecological niche models are useful tools to assess the environmental suitability of important LCA.     

基于Lucid多途径检索的油茶害虫诊断APP开发与实现

油茶是亚热带地区重要的木本油料作物,近年来随着种植面积的不断扩大和集约化经营,病虫害问题日益严重,对油茶的产量和品质造成不同程度的影响。本研究通过野外调查、文献查阅、种类鉴定等工作,整理了21种油茶主要害虫的形态特征、生物学习性、为害特点、防治措施等信息,并拍摄相应害虫及为害状的高清照片1 600张。采用Lucid智能诊断系统,构建Fact Sheet Fusion基础信息数据库,并针对多途径检索方式提取害虫"为害方式"、"为害部位"、"为害高峰期"、"形态特征"等4个1级特征组,以及10个2级特征和18个3级特征,共组成102个特征状态,构建了油茶害虫的快速诊断系统。在此基础上,转换得到基于Android系统的手机应用APP,为林农和森防一线工作者对油茶害虫快速识别和防治提供便捷服务,从而促进油茶产业持续健康发展。     

中国茶园有害生物防控40年

总结了改革开放40年来,我国茶园有害生物防控领域取得的重要研究进展,分析了现阶段我国茶园有害生物防控存在的问题,提出了相应的发展对策,为我国茶园有害生物防控研究工作提供参考。     

利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。     

Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

Potato virus Y(PVY) is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production. We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency, initial inoculum levels, vector behavior, vector abundance, and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season. Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season. However, when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high, significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low. Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids, particularly at high densities. An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season, while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread. Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields. Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.     

无公害蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治措施分析

本文主要围绕无公害蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治措施展开分析和论述，首先介绍无公害蔬 菜的种植，然后分析无公害蔬菜的相关种植技术，最后提出无公害蔬菜在种植过程当中一些病虫害防 治的措施。     

探析玉米高效种植技术及病虫害防治技术

玉米为我国重要的农业经济作物，高效种植、科学种植能够有效提高玉米产量及品质。本文 分析玉米高效种植技术及病虫害防治技术，总结玉米种植技术经验，供相关人员参考借鉴。