Plasma histamine concentrations in horses administered sodium penicillin,guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine and isoflurane with morphine or butorphanol

ObjectiveVarious drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions.Study designProspective studies with one randomized.AnimalsA total of 44 client-owned horses.MethodsIn one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine–diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin–xylazine–ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg^–1 and 0.1 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg^–1 and 0.01 mg kg^–1 hour^–1; 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using anova for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.ResultsWith histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL^–1) and GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL^–1) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL^–1) and group M (11.1 ± 12.4 ng mL^–1). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL^–1) than at 30 minutes (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL^–1) and 60 minutes (4.0 ± 2.5 ng mL^–1). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceGXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol.     

模拟低温气候下青霉素对早稻幼苗抗冷性的影响

用青霉素水溶液浸泡水稻种子２ｄ后催芽，待稻苗长至２叶期，在模拟低温条件下生长５ｄ，然后测定有关生理指标。结果表明，一定浓度的青霉素可以提高早稻幼苗的抗冷性。     

Study on Clinical Efficacy of Oligosaccharide Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate Against Bovine Mastitis

In order to detect the clinical efficacy of oligosaccharide sulfate(DEAE) and dextran sulfate (DS-4000) against bovine mastitis,56 cows with bovine mastitis were divided into 5 groups (DEAE group,DS-4000 group,DEAE＋penicillin group,DS-4000＋penicillin group and penicillin group),and their breasts were perfusion with different drugs twice one day for 3 days.The effective rates of drugs were observed by clinic symptoms.Milk samples were collected before and after treatment of drugs,and the bacterial negative conversion rate of each group were detected by microbial examination.The results showed that total effective rates of 5 groups were 10.00%,20.00%,58.33%,75.00% and 50.00%,respectively,and the bacterial negative conversion rates were 0,12.50%,50.00%,54.55% and 44.44%,respectively.In conclusion,the curative efficiencies of the polysaccharides against bovine mastitis were weak,but it could be improved by combination with penicillin.     

青霉素V钾滴丸的研制

为减少青霉素V钾的水解并提高其疗效，用聚乙二醇400和聚乙二醇6000为基质制备青霉素V钾滴丸。体外抑菌试验表明，青霉素v钾滴丸抑菌作用略强于人药片剂。     

Residue Analysis of Five Kinds of Penicillins in Eggs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection

This study was aimed to develop a method for simultaneous determination of five kinds of penicillins in eggs by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UVD). The eggs samples were extracted by acetonitrile,degreased by n-hexane,concentrated by rotary evaporation,derivatization,and then was separated by HPLC. The results showed that the calibration curves of five kinds of penicillins were linear correlated in the concentration ranges of 10 to 1 000 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients >0.999,which the limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 μg/kg (S/N=3) and 5.0 μg/kg (S/N=10),respectively. The average recoveries were 62.04% to 93.13%,the relative standard deviations were 3.91% to 13.69%.And the intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 3.98% to 14.71% and 4.26% to 12.71%,respectively. The developed method was suitable for detecting five kinds of penicillins residues in eggs with high repeatability and sensitivity.     

废水中硫酸盐生物还原影响因素的研究

本文对硫酸盐还原菌还原青霉素废水中的ＳＯ２－４进行了研究,试验结果表明：进水ＳＯ２－４浓度、ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ２－４及ＳＯ２－４负荷是影响硫酸盐还原效果的主要因素。在中温（３５℃±１℃）条件下,当反应器进水ＳＯ２－４浓度为１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７～９,ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ２－４大于３,ＳＯ２－４容积负荷为７．５ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）时,ＳＯ２－４去除率可达８５％。     

赤霉素和青霉素对芍药切花衰老的影响

以芍药‘春晓’（Paeonia lactiflora‘Chunxiao’）的切花为试验材料,采用室内瓶插的方法。在基本瓶插液（3％蔗糖＋200mg/L8-羟基喹啉＋150mg／L柠檬酸）中分别添加不同浓度赤霉素、青霉素,通过对其外部形态和衰老过程中生理生化指标的测定,探讨了赤霉素、青霉素对芍药切花采后瓶插品质的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的赤霉素、青霉素可有效提高切花的SOD、CAT活性,降低02-生成速率、MDA含量,减少活性氧对切花的伤害;改善切花的水分平衡值,降低脯氨酸含量,减少水分胁迫对切花造成的伤害;增加可溶性蛋白质含量,为切花提供能源物质,从而延缓衰老,延长瓶插寿命,改善切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。青霉素100mg／L 处理的效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长2．5d。     

青霉素菌渣残留降解物的蓄积毒性研究（摘要）（英文）

[目的]初步研究青霉素菌渣残留降解物的蓄积毒性,进而探讨其是否具备作为蛋白饲料投入养殖业开发利用的条件。[方法]通过小鼠亚急性毒性试验,饲喂小鼠不同剂量的青霉素菌渣降解物（3%和6%）连续观察15周,记录每周小白鼠的体重和死亡情况;试验结束后抽样处死,取血测动物肝、肾功能,取心、肝、脾、肾称重,并在光镜下对肝、肾组织做病理学观察。[结果]试验组小白鼠体重、死亡率及肝、肾功能在15周内和对照组差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。低剂量组可见肝细胞、肾小管上皮细胞核有碎裂,少数肝、肾细胞有轻度水肿;高剂量组可见小白鼠肝组织中细胞核碎裂并有脂肪滴,多数肝细胞水肿,只有少数肝细胞无明显改变;肾脏可见门管区炎性细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞水肿、坏死。[结论]该实验条件下青霉素菌渣降解物对小鼠器官的实质细胞有轻度的毒性作用。     

高活性苎麻脱胶菌的选育

苎麻生物法脱胶是一种绿色环保的脱胶方法,具有脱胶质量稳定和不损伤纤维的特点。为了选育稳定、高活性苎麻脱胶菌,以透明圈法和摇瓶发酵法从土壤中分离初筛得到的微生物脱胶菌株(15号)作为出发菌株,采用紫外和亚硝酸复合诱变处理,以青霉素抗性为标记,对大量初筛得到的突变株进行筛选,最终选育得到4株高活性苎麻脱胶菌株。与出发菌株相比,其中U-4使木聚糖酶活提高了15.81%,果胶酶活提高了6.49%,纤维素酶活降低了37.45%,残胶率降低了16.89%。