茶和天下语境下历史典故的重温与传播——以“以茶代酒”为例

中华茶文化历史源远流长,文化内容博大精深,是中国文化乃至世界文化重要的组成部分。然而,历史茶文化尤其是历史典故,大多需要重新解读,只有将历史与现实结合起来,有针对性且有说服力地赋予新的时代内涵,才能扩大其在世界范围的价值认同。基于此,本文以“以茶代酒”为例,将其置于茶和天下的语境下,在重温这一历史典故的基础上,从增加中华茶文化魅力,促进历史茶文化的传播的角度出发,分析探讨了以茶代酒的当代价值或中华茶文化核心价值的当代体现,并根据全球化与茶文化传播的需要,从增强自信性、构建“同型性”、抢占先机性、设计备选性等方面,提出了如何通过以茶代酒,推动中华茶文化核心价值实现的相关策略。     

西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知历史溯源

中国古典园林审美不仅仅在中国文化体系中进行讨论，随着全球化进程，西方语境学者也逐渐涉及相关的内容。尝试寻找一种跨文化的“他者”视角，梳理近3个世纪以来西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知经历的3个主要阶段。以18世纪为开端，经过19—20世纪借助西译艺术著作和海外园林建设实现对审美理解从印象到真实的转变，到进入21世纪后诞生的跨学科的诸多新观，这个过程中展现出以中国传统园林审美为代表的打破自身线性历史的闭关自守，回归全球语境的未来中国古典园林研究趋势。     

Preserve and produce: experience in implementing payments for environmental services in two indigenous communities in the Northern and Southern ranges of Oaxaca,Mexico

Payments for environmental services (PES) are conservation instruments in place in various Latin American countries. They are generally undergoing adjustment and implementation changes, and they are widely implemented in indigenous communities. This article aims to suggest a relevant group of context variables in PES implementation. Characterizing the local context of two indigenous communities located in Oaxaca, Mexico, and analyzing the relationship between the local context and PES implementation and outcomes perceptions.

The work is based on 75 surveys administered to beneficiary families of the instrument in the two localities. The results suggest three conclusions:

The pertinence of the nine focal variables: “Forest cover, Opportunity costs, Livelihoods, Trust and cooperation, Motivations toward conservation, Management practices, Internal organization, Land tenure and Rules for the management and use” to the characterization of the local context. And the relevance of the new focal variable “Presence and experience with Civil Society Organizations”.

The coincidence between the contextual variables and the determinants of the success of conservation instruments.

Finally, the incidence of “Trust and cooperation” and “Internal organization” in the implementation of equitable PES schemes. And the importance of linking sustainable production to PES conservation schemes.     

Contextual influences on animal decision‐making: Significance for behavior‐based wildlife conservation and management

Survival and successful reproduction require animals to make critical decisions amidst a naturally dynamic environmental and social background (i.e. “context”). However, human activities have pervasively, and rapidly, extended contextual variation into evolutionarily novel territory, potentially rendering evolved animal decision‐making mechanisms and strategies maladaptive. We suggest that explicitly focusing on animal decision‐making (ADM), by integrating and applying findings from studies of sensory ecology, cognitive psychology, behavioral economics and eco‐evolutionary strategies, may enhance our understanding of, and our ability to predict how, human‐driven changes in the environment and population demography will influence animal populations. Fundamentally, the decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms, and behaviors emerge from the combined action of sensory integration, cognitive mechanisms and strategic rules of thumb, and any of these processes may have a disproportionate influence on behavior. Although there is extensive literature exploring ADM, it generally reflects a canalized, discipline‐specific approach that lacks a unified conceptual framework. As a result, there has been limited application of ADM theory and research findings into predictive models that can enhance management outcomes, even though it is likely that the relative resilience of species to rapid environmental change is fundamentally a result of how ADM is linked to contextual variation. Here, we focus on how context influences ADM, and highlight ideas and results that may be most applicable to conservation biology.     

概念隐喻及其表达式的认知语境研究

认知语境是一种概念化了的知识结构状态,它对话语意义的理解具有重要意义。概念隐喻在认知语言学中被认为是一种认知机制或认知模式,它是对日常隐喻语言的概括和总结,它具有概括性、系统性和生成性等特点。隐喻映射是始源域和目标域之间一种本体对应的关系,而映射过程中认知语境对＂蕴涵＂选择的限定功能确证了概念隐喻及其表达式的生成及其理解过程是在认知语境的共同参与下完成的,同时认知语境对概念隐喻及其表达式的理解有一定的制约作用。     

Context Model Based on 3D Wavelet Coefficients

Based on by typical coding schemes such as EZW,SPIHT, EBCOT,3D-IEZW,3D-SPIHT and 3D-ESCOT,a context model(3D-OWNER) of wavelet coefficients is proposed,which makes use of partial order,self-similarity between subbands of wavelet coefficients and the correlation of neighboring wavelet coefficients.Experimental results show that the model can achieve higher PSNR than 3D-ESCOT.     

Do regional gradients in land-use influence richness, composition and turnover of bird assemblages in small woods?

Small patches of natural or semi-natural habitat have an important role in the conservation of biodiversity in human-dominated environments. The values of such areas are determined by attributes of the patch as well as its context in the surrounding land mosaic. There is a need for better understanding of the ways in which assemblages are influenced by patch context and the scale over which this occurs. Here we examine the influence of regional environmental gradients on the richness, annual turnover and composition of breeding bird species in small woods in south-eastern England. Regional gradients were defined independently of woods by an ordination of attributes for 5 km × 5 km landscape units across a 2100 km² region. Patch-level attributes, particularly area, were the most important predictors for most bird variables. For woodland migrants and woodland-dependent species, variables representing the context of each wood, either at a local or regional scale, explained significant additional variance in species richness after accounting for wood area, but did not do so for species turnover. Significant context effects for woodland-dependent species related to the extent of hedges and woodland cover in the local vicinity (<1 km radius), whereas for woodland seasonal migrants the best predictors of richness after patch area were two regional environmental gradients. The initial cue to settlement for migrants may be at a coarse regional scale, with selection for suitable landscapes that have a greater extent of woodland cover. Edge species showed different responses: they were influenced by the diversity of structural features in woods, and were a more-dominant component of the avifauna in isolated woods in open fenland environments of the region. Significant relationships between coarse regional gradients (25 km² units) and bird assemblages in small woods (0.5-30 ha) suggest that population and community processes in the avifauna operate across a broader scale than local patch neighbourhoods. They also highlight the importance of adopting a landscape or regional perspective on potential changes to land-use in rural environments, and on the conservation management of small reserves.     

新世纪“图书馆有偿服务”研究综述

有偿服务一直是图书馆界的热门话题。综观新世纪以来关于"图书馆有偿服务"的研究脉络,其主要内容大致涵盖以下几大部分:"有偿服务的研究脉络与发展趋势"、"收费价格"、"收费管理"等。     

文化诗学视域下王国维“境界说”之再思考

王国维“境界说”是中国近代文艺美学中一个重要概念，也是一个歧义重生的概念。把“境界”抽象地置入西方理论资源或机械地利用传统诗学来加以读解都无助其概念内涵的清理。我们既要注意 “境界”作为审美理想论审美价值判断的意义，又不可忽视特定的历史文化语境对“境界”概念所指的建构。这也符合利用文化诗学阐释王国维“境界说”方法论的要求与旨归。     

俄语的"借代"与汉译

俄语借代分为一般借代和特殊借代,认为其建构的关键除借体与本体之间的相关联想外,尤其与情境有关.总结了三类汉译方法:1),本体内隐,借体外显;2)本体为主,借体为铺,同时显现;3),略去借体,显示本体.第一种译法是在俄汉文化一致时移译借体;第二种译法是在俄汉文化有差异时,同时显现本体与借体;第三种译法是俄语中的借体在汉语中空缺时,引申或移植本体,略去借体.这些译法的目的都是为了取得忠实、达意、传神的译作.