油罐阻油切水阀启动过程的研究

本文对油罐本安型阻油切水阀研制过程中的几个技术关键之一￣二次启动进行了较详细的力学分析，研究了阻油切水阀的启动过程，分析了启动过程中液体在静止和流动两种情况下对浮球工作的影响，提出了启动机构方案。     

低压下加肥对迷宫滴头流量及灌水均匀度的影响

针对滴灌中侧翼迷宫式滴灌带的流量、灌水均匀度、肥料堵塞等问题,对4种不同规格的侧翼迷宫滴灌带进行试验,测定在清水和加肥灌水时滴头的流量及灌水均匀度。结果表明:加肥灌水时滴头流量比清水时减少,灌水均匀系数也较清水减小,4种不同结构滴头的灌水均匀度系数减小了5%~9.9%;随着灌水间隔增长,灌水次数增加,由于溶解在水中化学肥料结晶析出造成的堵塞程度逐渐增加;迷宫流道结构不同滴头的化学堵塞程度也不同。     

Effects of structural and depositional crusts on soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China

Conventional tillage practices used on the Loess Plateau lead to different soil surface micro-topography which results in forming two types of soil crusts. The objective of this study was to explore the formation position, properties and erosion characteristics of structural crusts and depositional crusts under the influences of the microtopography in the rainfall experiments. Two simulated rainstorms were applied in the experiments. The first rainfall event was used for soil crust formation, then the following simulated rainfall storms at 40 mm h^?1, 60 mm h^?1, and 80 mm h^?1 rates were applied to the soil boxes set to a 17.6% (10°) slope under three tillage types (contour tillage, artificial digging, and straight slope conditions) to investigate the resulting runoff discharge rate and sediment yield on crusted soil surface. Results show that: (1) structural crusts formed on the mounds, and depositional crusts formed in the depressions after the first rainfall events; structural crusts exhibit a lower thickness, bulk density, higher porosity and shear strength than depositional crusts; (2) structural crusts increased the runoff yield less and decreased the sediment yield more than depositional crusts; and (3) the runoff yield was significantly greater, and the sediment yield was lower on the crusted soil surface than that on the uncrusted soil surface, regardless of the effect of the tillage treatments.     

渭河下游水量变化的防洪响应

在对渭河下游的来水来沙量进行分析的基础上,结合水槽试验结果和实测资料,从机理上探讨渭河下游呈现出洪水历时延长、滩地高程不降、水位处于逐渐升高的态势、边界条件劣势发展的不利防洪响应,认为其主要原因是产生贴边淤积的环境良好.据此,针对该环境所引起的防洪形势严峻问题,提出了治理对策.     

齿间角对迷宫灌水器水力特性影响的数值模拟

为了探究迷宫流道齿间角对灌水器水力性能的影响,应用CFD流场和速度场的数值分析方法,研究齿间角度分别为50°,60°,70°和80°时正齿型和斜齿型迷宫灌水器的流场和速度场随齿间角的变化规律.研究结果表明：相比于RNG k-ε模型和SST模型,标准k-ε模型的计算结果与试验结果更加接近;正齿型和斜齿型迷宫灌水器通道内主要存在2处低速回流区,即齿型的左上侧低速回流区和右下侧低速回流区;相比于正齿型迷宫灌水器,斜齿型迷宫灌水器左上侧的低速区域较多,而右下侧的低速区域较少;随着齿间角度不断增加,灌水器内的流量不断增大,斜齿型迷宫灌水器内的流量增加受齿间角度的影响更为明显;正齿型迷宫灌水器的流量系数较大,但流态指数较小,齿间角度为70°的正齿型迷宫灌水器的流态指数在所有灌水器中最小,其水力性能最好.     

红萝卜侧面悬置排种勺式精量排种器设计与试验

为解决传统机械式蔬菜排种器无法实现精量播种及存在伤种的问题,设计了一种红萝卜侧面悬置排种勺式精量排种器。采用排种盘侧面悬置的排种勺完成种子的充种、清种、投种,实现了非接触式作业过程,理论分析了种子进入及脱离种勺的运动过程,并阐明其不伤种的基本原理,确定了排种盘、排种勺以及排种管的基本结构参数,采用EDEM离散元仿真软件模拟了不同排种勺结构尺寸下的工作过程,以排种勺型孔直径、深度及放样曲面圆角比为试验因素,以单粒率、多粒率、空粒率为试验指标,采用三因素五水平二次通用旋转组合设计进行仿真试验,确定排种勺最优结构参数为：型孔直径5mm,深度4.3mm,放样曲面圆角比0.12,基于此参数进行离散元仿真试验,通过自制排种器试验台进行台架试验以及将排种器安装到播种机上进行田间试验,仿真试验结果为单粒率93%、多粒率4%、空粒率3%,台架试验结果为合格指数平均值92.2%、重播指数平均值4.6%、漏播指数平均值3.2%,相对误差分别为0.86%、15%、6.67%,田间试验结果为：合格指数90.5%、重播指数6.9%、漏播指数2.6%,证明此排种器精量播种性能良好。同时与毛刷窝眼轮式排种器进行损伤率对比试验,损伤率分别为0.43%、1.27%,相对误差为66.14%,表明种子损伤明显降低。     

塔里木河流域水土流失动态变化分析

研究塔里木河流域土地利用变化、年径流量和输沙量变化特征及其相关关系,以期促进水土资源的合理开发和利用,为塔里木河流域的生态环境治理提供科学依据。水文数据为2005-2020年流域焉耆站、同古孜洛克站、卡群站、西大桥站、阿拉尔站年径流量、年输沙量,土地利用数据为1980-2015年土地利用空间分布数据。结果表明：(1)1980-2015 年,土地利用面积比例变化为-1.07%～1.16%,耕地面积增幅为 1.16%,沙地面积增幅 0.30%,草地面积降幅1.07%;(2)流域内各主要河流多年平均径流量为 22.99×10⁹～76.46×10⁹m³,多年平均输沙量63.20×10⁴～3470.00×10⁴t;开都河多年平均含沙量为0.24 kg/m³,其余河流平均含沙量均大于4kg/m³;塔里木河流域年径流量和年输沙量均呈现下降变化趋势,且年输沙量的变异性(40.89%～73.11%)大于年径流量(15.54%～35.37%);(3)各主...     

Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in a Shih Tzu dog

A 10-year-old intact male Shih Tzu dog presented with hematuria. Double-contrast cystography revealed a polypoid filling defect at the apex of the urinary bladder. Ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneously hypoechoic intramural mass with minimal vascular flow beneath the submucosal layer. After partial cystectomy, a well-demarcated bladder leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed on histopathology. The patient was alive and well without any clinical signs, recurrence, or metastasis at the 29-month follow-up after the surgical removal of the bladder mass. Leiomyosarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis if mass-like lesions are observed in the urinary bladder, although this type of malignancy is rare in canines. Histopathological confirmation is important for predicting prognosis and determining further medical plans.     

Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

Influence of Soil Particle Size on the Measurement of Sodium by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

This study evaluates the effect of soil particle size (SPS) on the measurement of exchangeable sodium (Na) (EXC-Na) by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Three hundred thirty-two (n = 332) top soil samples (0–10 cm) were taken from different locations across Uruguay, analyzed by EXC-Na using emission spectrometry, and scanned in reflectance using a NIR spectrophotometer (1100–2500 nm). Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models between reference chemical data and NIR data were developed using cross validation (leaving one out). The coefficient of determination in calibration (R²) and the root mean square of the standard error of cross validation (RMSECV) for EXC-Na concentration were 0.44 (RMSECV: 0.12 mg kg^–1) for soil with small particle size (SPS-0.053) and 0.77 (RMSECV: 0.09 mg kg^–1) for soils with particle sizes greater than 0.212 mm (SPS-0.212), using the NIR region after second derivative as mathematical transformation. The R² and RMSECV for EXC-Na concentration using PCR were 0.54 (RMSECV: 0.07 mg kg^–1) and 0.80 (RMSECV: 0.03 mg kg^–1) for SPS-0.053 and SPS-0.212 samples, respectively.