囊泡相关蛋白——扫尾负鼠中新发现的一种卵母细胞蛋白

在扫尾负鼠卵母细胞中新发现了一种蛋白,即囊泡相关蛋白（VAP1）。该蛋白基因在卵巢或发育的卵母细胞中有表达,与卵母细胞中极性的囊泡形成有关。囊泡相关蛋白在N端的T13～K114区域有与半胱氨酸酶抑制蛋白C相似的结构域,可能具有抑制半胱氨酸酶对蛋白的酶解作用,促进卵母细胞中母源蛋白的积累,调节受精后胚胎的发育。     

花椰菜未受精子房、花托、花序轴离体培养诱导成苗研究

以花椰菜的花托、花序轴和未受了房为外植体,诱导出不定芽,并进行继代增殖培养,在工增殖培养基上每隔２５～３０天,不定芽可以增殖５～６倍,不加激素的１／２ＭＳ培养基上,试管苗生根率达到９８％以上,移栽成活率达到９５％以上。经观察,花托和未受精了再生植株是由外植体直接分化而来,不经过愈伤组织阶段,这样可避免不良变异,保持材料的遗传稳定性。     

细胞自噬对动物卵泡发育调控的研究进展

卵泡是雌性哺乳动物发挥其繁殖能力的基础,其发育是一个动态的过程,主要涉及原始卵泡的形成、卵泡的募集、优势卵泡的选择、成熟卵泡的排卵以及排卵后卵泡的黄体化。卵泡发育的整个过程受内分泌系统、细胞自噬、细胞凋亡等的调控。自噬是一种进化上保守的应激反应过程,通过将细胞内物质包裹形成自噬体并传递到溶酶体中进行降解,以帮助细胞维持胞内物质代谢平衡,其在卵泡发育的过程中发挥着重要作用,一方面它能够通过降解或回收受损的蛋白质或有害代谢产物缓解应激造成的卵泡损伤,另一方面它又通过产生大量自噬体导致细胞器过度降解而引起卵泡闭锁。自噬对卵泡发育的调控需要PI3K-Akt-mTOR、MAPK-ULK1、ERK1/2、Sirt1-FOXO1-Atg7等多种经典信号通路的参与,这些信号通路在激素、氧化应激、细胞饥饿等的刺激下,通过独立作用或相互作用促进或抑制自噬调控卵泡细胞的生理活动。目前已知不同的自噬水平对卵泡细胞的存活具有不同作用,但关于决定细胞能否存活的自噬水平的研究还比较少。此外,自噬对卵泡发育调控的研究主要集中在颗粒细胞中,而对卵母细胞的成熟和卵泡膜细胞的作用的报道较少。文章简述了自噬在卵巢储备的形成、...     

Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

低氧适应动物喜马拉雅旱獭的组织学观察

对生活在青藏高原（海拔３２００－３４００m）喜马拉雅旱獭的肝脏、肺、肾、卵巢、甲状腺等器官结构进行了组织学观察。     

妊娠期山羊卵巢中雄激素受体的免疫组化定位

用免疫组织化学技术对不同妊娠时期山羊卵巢组织中雄激素受体的表达及其变化规律进行研究,以探讨雄激素受体在卵巢生殖功能中的调节作用。结果显示,妊娠期黄体细胞的形态结构随所处妊娠的不同阶段而变化,退化黄体细胞数量随周期进程逐渐增多。在妊娠各时期卵巢的被膜、次级卵泡颗粒层细胞和黄体细胞均存在雄激素受体的阳性表达,从阳性反应产物定位来看,阳性反应主要位于细胞膜和细胞质内;随妊娠进程雄激素受体的表达强度逐渐减弱。     

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

A spontaneously occurring malignant ovarian Sertoli cell tumor in a young Sprague Dawley rat

Primary ovarian tumors are generally uncommon in rats used in toxicologic studies. A malignant Sertoli cell tumor was present in the ovary of a 19-week-old female Sprague Dawley rat. Macroscopically, the mass was white and firm, 10 × 13 × 17 mm in size, and located in the right ovary. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of nests of pleomorphic cells, which formed seminiferous-like tubules separated by a thin fibrovascular stroma. The tubules were lined by tumor cells, which had basally located nuclei and abundant eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. In some areas, the tumor cells were arranged in a retiform growth pattern, mimicking a rete testis/ovarii. Disseminated metastases to the surfaces of the mesentery, spleen and liver were also present. Immunohistochemically, many tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin, estrogen receptor α and Ki 67. Some tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratin and inhibin α. These findings closely resemble those of an ovarian-derived human malignant Sertoli cell tumor. From our review of the literature, we believe this is the first report of a spontaneous malignant Sertoli cell tumor in the ovary of a young laboratory rat. This case might provide useful historical control information for rat toxicity studies.     

Histomorphological changes between short and long days in ovary guanacos (Lama guanicoe)

This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) detection. Different stages of follicle development were found in the cortical area, but no corpus luteum was detected. The size and frequency of antral follicles and large atretic follicles were higher in long-day ovaries than short-days, consistent with ovarian activity in this season. Differential expression of ERα and ERβ was observed in follicles at different stages of development between short and long days. These data reveal histological and molecular differences between reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of guanaco ovaries.     

嘉陵江瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢组织学的周年变化

采用形态学和连续组织切片技术对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)卵巢的组织形态学进行了研究。结果显示:瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分为6个时相。从10月至次年的2月份,卵巢处于第Ⅱ期;3—4月份卵巢处于第Ⅲ期;4—5月初卵巢处于第Ⅳ卵期;5—7月卵巢处于第Ⅴ期;8—9月卵巢处于第Ⅵ期。在第2时相的卵母细胞中出现卵黄核和滤泡细胞;第3时相的卵母细胞出现液泡,数目和层数随着卵巢的发育逐渐增加;第4时相的卵母细胞充满卵黄颗粒,并出现了受精孔和精孔细胞。瓦氏黄颡鱼是一次产卵类型。