Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

囊泡相关蛋白——扫尾负鼠中新发现的一种卵母细胞蛋白

在扫尾负鼠卵母细胞中新发现了一种蛋白,即囊泡相关蛋白（VAP1）。该蛋白基因在卵巢或发育的卵母细胞中有表达,与卵母细胞中极性的囊泡形成有关。囊泡相关蛋白在N端的T13～K114区域有与半胱氨酸酶抑制蛋白C相似的结构域,可能具有抑制半胱氨酸酶对蛋白的酶解作用,促进卵母细胞中母源蛋白的积累,调节受精后胚胎的发育。     

猪卵巢发育的组织学观察及磷酸二酯酶3A的表达研究

为研究母猪卵巢在不同发育阶段的组织学变化规律和探讨磷酸二酯酶3A(PDE3A)在卵巢发生发育和成熟过程中的生物学意义,选用二花脸母猪胎90日龄及1日龄、20日龄、120日龄和180日龄的母猪卵巢进行组织学观察,并利用RT-PCR检测PDE3A mRNA的表达情况。结果显示:胎90日龄主要由原始卵泡组成;1日龄、20日龄、120日龄卵巢内特征发育明显;180日龄卵巢内的形态特点与120日龄相似。卵巢PDE3A mRNA表达水平在20日龄时与其他各个阶段相比显著降低。提示:PDE3A在猪从原始卵泡募集到初级卵泡形成过程中可能具有生物学作用。     

Insulin and IGF-I receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in carp ovaries: changes with reproductive cycle

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors from carp ovaries were semipurified with wheat germ agglutinin at different moments of the reproductive cycle and their binding characteristics and tyrosine kinase activity were studied. Specific receptors for insulin and IGF-I were found. IGF-I receptors presented higher binding (23.8 ± 1.5%), number of receptors (965 ± 20fm/mg) and affinity (K_D 0.24 ± 0.03nM) than those shown for insulin receptors (4.1 ± 1%, 530 ± 85fm/mg and 0.85 ± 0.1nM, respectively). Insulin and IGF-I receptors have a tyrosine kinase activity which is not different from that found in muscle of the same species. Seasonal changes were found in binding, with maximum values for insulin and IGF-I reached at the end of pre-spawning period (June). However, while IGF-I binding was observed in all stages, insulin binding decreased in autumn and disappeared in winter, which suggests a different role for the two peptides in ovarian physiology.     

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

花椰菜未受精子房、花托、花序轴离体培养诱导成苗研究

以花椰菜的花托、花序轴和未受了房为外植体,诱导出不定芽,并进行继代增殖培养,在工增殖培养基上每隔２５～３０天,不定芽可以增殖５～６倍,不加激素的１／２ＭＳ培养基上,试管苗生根率达到９８％以上,移栽成活率达到９５％以上。经观察,花托和未受精了再生植株是由外植体直接分化而来,不经过愈伤组织阶段,这样可避免不良变异,保持材料的遗传稳定性。     

东北细毛羊胎羊卵巢卵泡超微结构研究

为给胚胎工程研究提供基础材料,应用电子显微镜对东北细毛羊不同胎龄胎羊卵巢卵泡的超微结构进行了观察研究,结果表明:1)7周龄胎儿卵巢形成了原始卵泡雏形,10周龄才形成结构较完整的原始卵泡。2)卵母细胞呈圆形或椭圆形。卵母细胞膜双层不规则;核仁呈网状,单核仁或双核仁;核大多位于卵母细胞的边缘;并发现由双核构成的卵母细胞和胞质中形成不含细胞器的“透明区”;在10周胎龄卵巢,发现有1条线正将1个卵母细胞一分为二。早期线粒体多数圆形,但发现了1个线状的线粒体。随着卵母细胞发育,除圆形以外,还出现了类似菱形、不规则型、幼稚型的线粒体。单个粗面内质网可见,但高尔基体却很少见到。12周龄原始卵泡形成类似“透明带”物质。3)卵泡细胞核多数不规则,个别呈扁长形或纺锤形;卵泡细胞环绕于卵母细胞周围,早期数量少,随着卵泡发育逐渐增多。4)东北细毛羊胚胎卵巢卵母细胞发育的各阶段都有一定数量卵母细胞发生退行性变化———闭锁。     

影响黄瓜未授粉子房培养胚发生因素的研究

以不同基因型黄瓜为试材,研究了子房发育时期、热激处理时间、TDZ和AgNO3对黄瓜未授粉子房培养过程中胚发生的影响.结果表明处于开花前2～3 d的子房胚发生率相对较高,达83.8%;在子房培养开始阶段进行35 ℃处理的胚发生率显著高于对照(0 d),其中处理3 d 的效果最好;添加0.01～0.04 mg·L-1 TDZ的诱导培养基培养的胚发生率为20.0%～72.7%,其中添加0.04 mg·L-1 TDZ的胚发生效果较好;在诱导培养基中添加AgNO3可以提高胚发生率,同时能缩短胚出现的时间并提高胚产量.     

瓯江光唇鱼的卵巢和卵母细胞发育研究

采用常规生物学调查方法和组织切片技术,对瓯江光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus)各期卵巢和卵母细胞的组织学结构特征及繁殖期进行了系统的研究。结果表明：瓯江光唇鱼卵母细胞发育可分为5个时相,其卵巢发育可分为6个时期。Ⅰ期卵巢透明,呈细线状;Ⅱ期卵巢以第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞为主;Ⅲ期卵巢以第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞为主,只有少量第Ⅰ和Ⅱ时相卵母细胞,此期伴有液泡和卵黄颗粒的出现;Ⅳ期卵巢呈长囊状,卵巢中卵粒清晰可见,以第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞为主,此期卵黄颗粒增多,核移位;V期卵巢为成熟期的卵巢,卵细胞游离。Ⅵ期卵巢处于衰退期,此时卵巢松弛,体积缩小。瓯江光唇鱼的繁殖期为每年5-8月。进入繁殖期的5-6月的卵巢以Ⅳ期为主,7-8月的卵巢有Ⅲ或者Ⅴ期卵巢。在繁殖期内5-8月平均成熟系数分别为2.75％、8.54％、3.25％和1.44％。瓯江光唇鱼的产卵类型属于连续产卵类型,在同一繁殖期内可以反复产卵数次。     

授粉方式对板栗胚胎发育的影响

为研究受精对板栗胚胎发育的影响,以“遵玉”品种10年生树为试验材料,通过控制授粉试验,观察不同授粉处理板栗胚珠、总苞和子房的形态发育及其氮素和碳水化合物含量的变化趋势。结果表明,受精不良导致空苞的产生,人工授粉板栗空苞率为0%,自然授粉板栗空苞率为12.37%,不授粉板栗空苞率为100%。在板栗果实发育早期,不授粉板栗与人工授粉、自然授粉板栗的胚珠大小、总苞和子房外观形态及碳水化合物含量变化差异不显著,但其氮素含量显著小于其他2个授粉处理板栗;授粉后16 d,正常发育胚珠大小显著大于发育异常胚珠,此时人工授粉、自然授粉板栗总苞和子房体积显著大于不授粉的板栗子房,碳水化合物含量差异不显著;幼胚发育期,人工授粉、自然授粉板栗子房可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量显著高于不授粉板栗子房的含量。