鸵鸟新城疫病毒野毒株的分离及其生物学特性

用鸡胚从疑似鸵鸟新城疫的送检病料中分离到 2株病毒。 2株病毒均能凝集鸡红细胞 ,且能被抗新城疫病毒 ( NDV)阳性血清抑制 ;用抗 NDV单抗 PEG夹心 ELISA测定 2株分离毒均为阳性。对其中 1株作进一步生物学特性鉴定 ,按照国际上规定的 NDV毒力判定标准测定的该毒株最低致死量致死鸡胚的平均死亡时间 ( MDT)为 54h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数 ( ICPI)为 1 .88,6周龄雏鸡静脉接种致病指数 ( IVPI)为2 .75。结果表明 ,本分离株为鸵鸟新城疫病毒强毒     

RADIOGRAPHIC GASTROINTESTINAL CONTRAST STUDY IN THE OSTRICH (STRUTHIO CAMELUS)

Ten gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed with barium on seven clinically healthy ostriches. Concentrations of 25-100% w/vol liquid barium sulfate at 7 and 10 ml/kg were administered by stomach tube after withholding food for 16 h. A 6-frame technique for left-to-right lateral views in standing and a 3-frame technique for the dorsoventral views in sternally recumbent adult ostriches were used for survey and contrast radiographs. Objectives were to describe the appearance of the normal gastrointestinal tract with contrast radiography and to provide a guideline for optimal dosage and concentration of barium sulfate as well as a reliable protocol for frequency of radiographs. Structures that were consistently identified included the esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, proximal, and distal rectum. Due to the superimposition of the remainder of the small intestine, individual components were difficult to differentiate. The caeca were inconsistently highlighted and only for a short time. The ventral pouch of the coprodeum never filled with contrast medium.     

不同月龄鸵鸟主要血液生化参数测定

对 6个月龄段鸵鸟的 16种血浆生化参数进行了测定。结果表明 ,不同月龄的鸵鸟 ,其血浆主要生化参数是有差异的。 1月龄以内的鸵鸟除总胆红素 (T.Bi)值外 ,其他各项指标参考值均比 3～ 4月龄的低(P<0 .0 5 )。从 1月龄到 6 0月龄鸵鸟的总蛋白 (TP)、Ca2 +等值逐渐升高 ,而从 3～ 4月龄到成年鸵鸟的丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (AL T)、P(无机磷 )、乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH)、碱性磷酸酶 (AL P)有逐渐下降的趋势。其他各项指标的测定值随月龄变化有较大的变动。 Ca2 +∶ P(无机磷 )值随月龄而逐渐增加 ,到成年鸵鸟时达到 3∶ 1。     

湖南省鸵鸟新城疫病毒的分离及生物学特性测定

湘南某鸵鸟养殖场饲养的鸵鸟发生一起疫病 ,疑似鸵鸟新城疫 ,为了准确迅速地对其进行确诊 ,用 SPF鸡胚进行病毒的分离 ,进行了HA、HI、病毒中和试验及生物学特性测定。结果最初接种的 SPF鸡胚 48～ 96h全部死亡 ,其尿囊液 HA效价为 2 3,死亡胚充血、出血 ,将尿囊液继续传代至第 3代时 ,死亡胚尿囊液 HA在收稿日期 :2 0 0 3- 0 4 - 0 9基金项目 :湖南省林业厅资助 (97- 2 4 )作者简介 :刘振湘 (1971- ) ,男 ,湖南耒阳人 ,湖南环境生物职业技术学院讲师。主要从事预防兽医学的教学与科研工作。2 5～ 2 6 ;其 ND HI试验为阳性 ;鸡胚中和试验结果接种经 ND标准阳性血清处理的病料未见死亡 ,HA效价为 2 0 ,而接种未经处理病料的鸡胚于 2 6～ 3 8h后全部死亡 ,HA效价为 2 6～ 7;其生物学特性测定结果 ICPI为 1 .62 ,IVPI为 1 .0 ,MDT为 45h,对氯仿和酸敏感 ,NHAT为慢 ,HOT为 1 5min。结果表明该分离毒为 NDV并表现出与鸡 NDV相同的特性。     

RADIOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL CAVITY OF THE OSTRICH (Struthio Camelus)

A standard radiographic procedure was developed for the thoraco-abdominal cavity of female nonbreeding ostriches. Positioning, collimation, centering and a technique chart were defined to give reproducible and consistently good quality radiographs. Radiographs were obtained from one adult ostrich cadaver, two adult female ostriches as well as two growing ostriches at various stages. A 6-frame technique was established for lateral views taking the topographic tissue distribution into consideration and using easily palpable landmarks as centering points. Standing true right lateral radiographs are recommended for standard procedures. For dorsoventral exposures a 3-frame technique in the recumbent ostrich was found to be optimal. Birds should be fasted if possible. A technique chart for lateral exposures is provided.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in ostriches (Struthio camelus) at two different dose rates

A bioavailability and pharmacokinetics study of doxycycline was carried out on 30 healthy ostriches after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. The plasma doxycycline concentration was determined by HPLC/UV at 0 (pretreatment), 0.08, 0.25, 0.5 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after administration. The plasma concentration-time curves were examined using non-compartmental methods based on the statistical moment theory for only the higher dose. After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t_1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution at the steady-state (V_ss), volume of distribution (Vd_area) and total body clearance (Cl_B) were 7.67 ± 0.62 h, 6.68 ± 0.86 h, 0.86 ± 0.16 l/kg, 1.67 ± 0.52 l/kg and 2.51 ± 0.63 ml/min/kg, respectively. After IM and oral dosing, the mean peak plasma concentrations (C_max) were 1.34 ± 0.33 and 0.30 ± 0.04 µg/ml, respectively, which were achieved at a post-administration time (t_max) of 0.75 ± 0.18, 3.03 ± 0.48 h, respectively. The t_1/2β, Vd_area and Cl_B after IM administration were 25.02 ± 3.98 h, 23.99 ± 3.4 l/kg and 12.14 ± 1.71 ml/min/kg, respectively and 19.25 ± 2.53 h, 61.49 ± 7 l/kg and 40.19 ± 3.79 ml/min/kg after oral administration, respectively. The absolute bioavailability (F) of doxycycline was 5.03 and 17.52% after oral and IM administration, respectively. These results show that the dose data from other animals particularly mammals cannot be extrapolated to ostriches. Therefore, based on these results along with those reported in the literature, further studies on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration values and clinical applications of doxycycline in ostriches are required.     

鸵鸟采精方法研究

对 1 0只体况较好的黑颈公鸵鸟进行假阴道法采精试验 ,结果获得优良品质的精液 ,平均精液量为 0 94mL ,精子活率平均为 0 88。试验表明 ,在对公鸵鸟进行一定时间的调教之后 ,采用假阴道法采精是简单可行、具有实践意义的方法     

Gastrin and somatostatin enteroendocrine cells in the small intestines of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) during pre -and post-hatching period

Studies on localization and distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are important for better understanding of their role in the ontogenetic development of intestines. Information about the distribution of the most important endocrine cells in the digestive tract of the ostrich is very limited; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrin and somatostatin EECs in the small intestine of the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks at different ages. Six embryos along with 42 ostriches of both sexes from hatching up to 60 days post-hatching, including six embryos, were obtained from an ostrich farm in Latvia. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were investigated using routine histology and immunohistochemistry methods. Gastrin and somatostatin EECs were examined in 10 microscopic fields of the intestinal mucosa in each tissue sample. The cells were detected in all age groups as well as the embryos. The number of both types of EEC in the mucosa of the ileum was significantly lower (p < .01–.05) than in the duodenum. The present study suggested that the EEC may have a role in the development of the mucosa of the intestinal tract of ostriches with possible involvement in the development of the digestive functions.