瞬时转速波动在轴向柱塞泵故障诊断中的应用

针对轴向柱塞泵配流盘磨损的故障诊断所使用的信号大多存在非平稳、非线性特性的缺点,提出利用轴向柱塞泵的瞬时转速波动信号进行故障诊断.利用瞬时转速波动信号良好的抗噪性能与经过阶比分析后可以转化为角度域内的平稳信号的特点,以克服传统监测信号的不足.通过动力学分析对轴向柱塞泵瞬时转速波动的成因进行了溯源.结果表明,对于具有Z个柱塞的轴向柱塞泵,活塞的惯性力和配流副处的库仑摩擦力会产生Z倍于转频的转矩波动,从而在轴向柱塞泵主轴上产生Z阶转速波动.柱塞高压腔的压力的变化会产生2Z倍于转频的转矩波动,从而在轴向柱塞泵主轴上产生2Z阶转速波动.在变负载条件下对理论分析结果进行了试验验证,结果表明对于9柱塞的轴向柱塞泵,其9阶瞬时转速波动分量幅值的变化可以很好地反映出配流盘磨损状况的变化.随着配流盘磨损程度增加,9阶瞬时转速波动的最大幅值从1.229增大至2.023 r/min;9阶瞬时转速波动分量幅值随着配流盘磨损加剧而增大.     

多孔电热板加热法测定土壤有机质的方法研究

由于油浴法操作过程繁琐,对人体健康和环境都会造成危害。国内测定土壤有机质含量的标准方法是重铬酸钾氧化外加热法,本文通过对部分国家一级土壤标准物质进行油浴法和多孔电热板加热法的比较,建立了一种带孔电热板加热法测定土壤有机质的方法。测定结果与标准值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=4)小于5%。最后运用该方法对已通过专家验收的《和县地区土地质量地球化学调查》项目采集的1∶50 000的部分土壤样品进行了对比验证试验,结果与油浴法相吻合,均满足地球化学调查样品的分析要求,进一步验证了该方法的准确可行。     

覆盖作物多样性对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落功能的影响

以丹江口水源涵养区猕猴桃园为研究对象,运用Biolog微平板技术,研究不同种类覆盖作物处理(2、4、8种和清耕对照)下土壤微生物群落功能多样性的差异。结果表明,覆盖作物处理土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用程度、功能多样性指数和丰富度指数均高于清耕对照。覆盖作物及清耕对照处理土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数与土壤含水量、有机碳、pH、微生物量碳氮呈显著正相关关系。主成分分析与碳代谢图谱分析表明,猕猴桃园增加覆盖作物种类提高了土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,且对D-甘露醇、L-精氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺、L-苯丙氨酸、γ-羟丁酸、α-丁酮酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、吐温40的利用能力显著高于清耕对照。此外,4种覆盖作物处理对猕猴桃园土壤生态环境的影响优于2种和8种。研究表明,猕猴桃园增加覆盖作物多样性改变了土壤环境因子,影响了土壤微生物群落的代谢活性和功能多样性。     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

实际地形下地表太阳总辐射的简化算法及应用

为快速准确估算实际地形下地表太阳总辐射,针对辐射观测资料不足现状,通过考虑天文、大气和地理地形等因子对地表太阳总辐射的影响,构建了融合起伏地形天文辐射模型、地表太阳总辐射气候学公式和日照百分率优化插值方案的太阳总辐射简化算法。并以安徽省为例,对简化算法实施参数化和应用,采用2个辐射站观测资料统计回归得到气候学公式参数,参数化后的公式计算相对误差为7.65%。利用80个站点的日照百分率数据分析了不同插值方法适用性,逐点交叉检验结果表明,薄盘样条法对安徽省日照百分率具有更好的插值效果。基于简化算法计算得到实际地形下安徽省地表太阳总辐射平均为4500MJ·m~(-2)·a~(-1),总体呈北部高、南部低,山区南坡高、北坡低的分布特征,部分开阔南坡的太阳辐射超过同纬度水平地面。季节特征上地形对太阳辐射的影响随月份而异,在冬半年影响幅度更为明显,夏半年地形影响相对较弱,并多以削减为主。安徽省太阳能资源以3级为主,大别山和皖南山区的北坡多为4级,而在皖北低山丘陵的南坡存在零星的2级资源区。近年来由于日照百分率的下降,导致全省地表太阳总辐射普遍减少。     

双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达转矩特性分析

为了实现多级转速和转矩的输出,轴向柱塞马达必须使用节流阀、减压阀等耗能元件来改变输入压力和流量,但同时降低了效率。新型双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达可以利用其结构的特殊性,实现输出转矩的多样性。本文基于双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达的结构特点及工作原理,推导了该马达在不同工作方式下的理论瞬时转矩和转矩不均匀系数,并通过Matlab分析了内外马达转矩系数比对转矩不均匀系数的影响,设计了马达的实验液压系统并搭建了实验平台,对马达进行了原理性实验,并进行了数据分析。实验结果表明,在额定压力和额定排量下,该马达能实现多种不同的转速与转矩输出,随着内外马达转矩系数比的增大,低速大转矩的转矩不均匀系数越小,高速低转矩不稳定系数越大,通过合理设计可以实现马达在不同工作状态下的稳定运行,验证了新型马达在结构原理上的可行性,为新型轴向柱塞马达的改进设计提供了实验依据。     

Fixation of a complete scapular neck fracture in a foal using two 3.5 mm locking compression plates

This report describes the successful surgical repair of a transverse, displaced scapula fracture in a foal. A 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) was used on either side of the spine of the scapula. The suprascapular nerve was apparent upon dissection as it passed directly over the fracture line and care was taken to leave it intact, although the fracture line itself caused some irritation. The foal recovered without long‐term nerve damage and is sound at 1.5 years post surgery.     

振动式水稻精密播种装置机理分析与试验

为提高振动式水稻精密播种装置的播种性能,分别对其定量供种机构和振动匀种机构的工作机理进行了分析与试验研究。利用离散元软件EDEM模拟了定量供种机构在有无振动作用下的供种过程。通过对比分析可知种箱振动板周期性的小幅振动可缓解种子的漏斗流动,促进扩散流动,同时使排种轮充填区的种子分布状态更加"蓬松",提高了供种频率,实现了稳定定量供种。通过模拟试验探究振动匀种机构不同种槽板对种子的流速和装置播种性能的影响,优选出V-90°、V-105°、V-120°和U1型4组种槽板,为装置优化试验提供了参考,减少了后续试验次数。分别进行常规稻供种和杂交稻低播量供种试验,得到了种箱振动板振动使排种轮供种频率提高3.64%和5.52%,验证了定量供种机构仿真研究结果具有较高的准确性。进行不同种槽板、播量和气压全因素播种性能试验,得到播种效果最佳的种槽板为V-120°种槽板,在40 g/盘杂交稻低播量播种时使用0.26 MPa气压播种,合格指数为93.91%,空穴指数为0.94%;80 g/盘常规稻播种时使用0.28 MPa气压播种,合格指数为96.10%,空穴指数为0,满足杂交稻和常规稻种子育秧播种的技术要求。     

瓶式平板培养制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子

利用三角瓶装纳马铃薯琼脂培养基制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子。结果发现,瓶装培养基的体积与产孢量无关。各菌株在瓶式培养平板上均能正常形成后代孢子。瓶式培养比常规培养皿平板培养具有更高的产孢效率。产孢平板上产生的孢子收取后,菌落继续培养,新形成的孢子数量大幅下降。由于三角瓶能高效避免污染,因而认为瓶式培养是制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子的理想技术。     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes of Early Carboniferous magmatism in southern West Junggar,northwestern China: Implications for Junggar oceanic plate subduction

West Junggar is a key area for understanding intra-oceanic plate subduction and the final closure of the Junggar Ocean. Knowledge of the Carboniferous tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean region is required for understanding the tectonic framework and accretionary processes in West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A series of Early Carboniferous volcanic and intrusive rocks, namely, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and diorite, occur in the Mayile area of southern West Junggar, northwestern China. Our new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronological data reveal that diorite intruded at 334 (±1) Ma, and that basaltic andesite was erupted at 334 (±4) Ma. These intrusive and volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline, display moderate MgO (1.62%-4.18%) contents and Mg# values (40-59), and low Cr (14.5×10^-6-47.2×10^-6) and Ni (7.5×10^-6-34.6×10^-6) contents, and are characterized by enrichment in light rare-earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in heavy rare-earth elements and high-field-strength elements, meaning that they belong to typical subduction-zone island-arc magma. The samples show low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (range of 0.703649-0.705008), positive ε_Nd(t) values (range of 4.8-6.2 and mean of 5.4), and young T_DM Nd model ages ranging from 1016 to 616 Ma, indicating a magmatic origin from depleted mantle involving partial melting of 10%-25% garnet and spinel lherzolite. Combining our results with those of previous studies, we suggest that these rocks were formed as a result of northwestward subduction of the Junggar oceanic plate, which caused partial melting of sub-arc mantle. We conclude that intra-oceanic arc magmatism was extensive in West Junggar during the Early Carboniferous.