方城县野生木本植物资源调查分析

采取实地调查、采集标本、影像资料、专家鉴定和分类统计等方法对方城县野生木本植物资源进行调查。结果表明:方城县共有野生木本植物60科137属236种,其中裸子植物4科6属7种,被子植物56科131属229种;优势科有蔷薇科等13个科,含66属145种,优势属有悬钩子属等13个属,含65种;野生木本植物中有乔木121种、灌木85种、藤本25种、竹类5种;国家重点保护、珍稀濒危和省级重点保护植物共有18种。     

四种园林植物对遮荫的生理响应及耐荫性评价

以茶梅‘小玫瑰’、冠盖藤、聚花过路黄和兰花三七4种园林植物1年生苗为试验材料,遮荫处理4个月,研究不同遮荫处理(全光照、遮荫65%、遮荫80%和遮荫95%)对植株生长及生理生化指标的影响,并用隶属函数分析法对4种植物的耐荫性进行了综合评价。结果表明:茶梅‘小玫瑰’、兰花三七在4种遮荫处理下,4个月后株高均有所增长,但冠幅表现为在遮荫65%和遮荫80%条件下,均有一定的增长,在全光照和遮荫95%条件下为先增长后减小的趋势,冠盖藤覆盖度也出现此现象,聚花过路黄在4种条件下均能生长良好。随着遮荫度增加,4种植物叶片的叶绿素a、b以及叶绿素a+b含量均为先增后减,均高于对照,叶绿素a/b值总体呈现降低趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量均有所降低;相对电导率表现为冠盖藤为先降后增,其余3种植物均为增加的趋势;MDA含量表现为兰花三七为先降后增,其余3种植物均为降低的趋势;POD活性和SOD活性表现为先增后降,除冠盖藤SOD活性表现为先降后增。隶属函数分析法综合评价4种植物的耐荫性,耐荫性顺序为兰花三七>聚花过路黄>冠盖藤>茶梅‘小玫瑰’。     

地被类观赏竹的景观优势及应用

竹子因兼具生态效益、经济效益、社会效益和文化效益,在园林景观中的独特作用日益凸显,发展潜力巨大。地被观赏竹在现代城市园林造景中具有不可替代的作用,与其他景观元素配置可以形成多种应用模式,营造出独具韵味的景观效果。文章分析了地被观赏竹在园林景观中的应用优势,提出了园林造景中地被竹应用的5种模式,以期为城市园林绿化提供借鉴。     

Phytolith‐associated potassium in fern: characterization,dissolution properties and implications for slash‐and‐burn agriculture

In recent time, phytoliths (silicon deposition between plant cells) have been recognized as an important nutrient source for crops. The work presented here aims at highlighting the potential of phytolith‐occluded K pool in ferns. Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis ) is a common fern in the humid subtropical and tropical regions. Burning of the fern D. linearis is, in slash‐and‐burn regions, a common practice to prepare the soil before planting. We characterised the phytolith‐rich ash derived from the fern D. linearis and phytolith‐associated potassium (K) (phytK), using X‐ray tomographic microscopy in combination with kinetic batch experiments. D. linearis contains up to 3.9 g K/kg d.wt, including K subcompartmented in phytoliths. X‐ray tomographic microscopy visualized an interembedding structure between organic matter and silica, particularly in leaves. Corelease of K and Si observed in the batch experiments confirmed that the dissolution of ash phytoliths is one of major factors controlling K release. Under heat treatment, a part of the K is made available, while the remainder entrapped into phytoliths (ca. 2.0–3.3%) is unavailable until the phytoliths are dissolved. By enhanced removal of organic phases, or forming more stable silica phases, heat treatment changes dissolution properties of the phytoliths, affecting K release for crops and soils. The maximum releases of soluble K and Si were observed for the phytoliths treated at 500–800 °C. For quantitative approaches for the K provision of plants from the soil phytK pool in soils, factors regulating phytolith dissolution rate have to be considered.     

盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发的影响

为探明盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发特性的影响，明确种子萌发期对盐胁迫的耐受能力，本试验以羽衣甘蓝种子为试验材料，研究不同浓度的NaCL（0、40、80、120、160、200mmol/l）和NaHCO（3 0、20、30、40、50、60mmol/l）对种子萌发胁迫的作用。结果表明:1、2 种盐胁迫处理下，羽衣甘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标均随着盐浓度的升高逐渐降低；2、高浓度的NaHCO³盐溶液对羽衣甘蓝种子的胚根、胚芽的生长抑制较NaCL 盐溶液显著；3、2 种盐     

An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland,a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production. However, morbidity and mortality are higher in aquaculture species than in domestic animals. Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of farmed fish morbidity and are often treated with antimicrobials. Since most Swiss fish farms release effluents directly into surface water without treatment and since aquaculture fish are consumed by humans, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-resistance in aquaculture fish are important for environmental and public health. In this study, AMR tests for 14 antimicrobials were performed on 1,448 isolates from 1,134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish submissions for the period from 2000 to 2017. Amoxicillin, gentamycin and norfloxacin had the lowest proportion of resistant samples. However, AMR was highly variable over time. Resistance proportions were higher in: (a) ornamental fish compared with farmed fish, (b) fish from recirculation systems compared with those from other farming systems and (c) isolates originating from skin compared with those originating from inner organs. Multiple resistances were common. The results of this study provide useful data for Swiss fish veterinarians and some interesting hypotheses about risk factors for AMR in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland. However, further research is needed to define risk factors.     

观赏植物组培与辐射结合育种研究进展

综合分析了组培与辐射结合育种方式的优点,对这种复合育种方式在观赏植物上的应用进行了分析归纳。总结出组培与辐射结合育种体系的基本技术路线,指出不同植物、不同材料的辐射效果的差异,并列出一些供育种者参考辐射剂量。最后分析了以后的研究方向。     

非洲菊切花保鲜剂的研究

本文研究由蔗糖、硝酸银、8-HQ(8-羟基喹啉)配制的不同保鲜剂对非洲菊切花插瓶寿命、水分平衡、鲜重变化及观赏值等指标的影响。结果表明：4％蔗糖 200mg／L硝酸银 200mg／L硫酸铝 320mg／L8-HQ的保鲜效果最好。     

贵州百里杜鹃保护区的杜鹃属植物种类及其观赏特性研究

贵州西部百里杜鹃保护区的杜鹃属植物种类关系到其保护区的价值。经过调查研究,该保护区计有杜鹃属植物33种(含变种),分属于5个亚属,占贵州现有杜鹃属植物种类111种的29.73%;并发现了西昌杜鹃和白花杜鹃两个贵州的新分布种;进而从园林的角度,论述了这些杜鹃属植物种类花的颜色、大小及花期等的观赏特性。