基于音频技术的肉鸡采食量检测方法研究

【目的】通过研究肉鸡采食音频提出一种基于音频技术的肉鸡采食量检测方法,以摆脱目前我国肉鸡采食量数据主要是人工测量群体采食量的现状,为准确获取肉鸡采食量信息提供技术支持。【方法】录音笔采集到的采食音频经分帧加窗、端点检测等预处理后,将有效声音片段提取出来,依托不同声音的功率谱密度曲线差异,使用单分类支持向量机(OC-SVM)对提取出的有效声音片段进行分类识别。利用音频技术检测肉鸡进食时的啄食次数,分析确定啄食次数与采食量的关系,利用啄食次数与采食量的高相关性计算肉鸡采食量。【结果】利用音频技术检测的肉鸡啄食次数与采食量高度相关,决定系数(R~2)=0.982 5。啄食次数计算正确率为94.58%,采食量计算正确率为91.37%。【结论】该方法可用于肉鸡采食量测定。     

Coping with imbalanced data problem in digital mapping of soil classes

An unsolved problem in the digital mapping of categorical soil variables and soil types is the imbalanced number of observations, which leads to reduced accuracy and the loss of the minority class (the class with a significantly lower number of observations compared to other classes) in the final map. So far, synthetic over- and under-sampling techniques have been explored in soil science; however, more efficient approaches that do not have the drawbacks of these techniques and guarantee retention of the minority classes in the produced map are essentially required. Such approaches suggested in the present study for digital mapping of soil classes include machine learning models of ensemble gradient boosting, cost-sensitive learning and one-class classification (OCC) of the minority class combined with multi-class classification. In this regard, extreme gradient boosting (XGB) as an ensemble gradient learner, a cost-sensitive decision tree (CSDT) within the C5.0 algorithm, and a one-class support vector machine combined with multi-class classification (OCCM) were investigated to map eight soil great groups with a naturally imbalanced frequency of observations in northwest Iran. A total of 453 profile data points were used for mapping the soil great groups of the study area. A data split was done manually for each class separately, which resulted in an overall 70% of the data for calibration and 30% for validation. The bootstrapping approach of calibration (with 10 runs) was performed to produce multiple maps for each model. The 10 bootstraps were evaluated against the hold-out validation dataset. The average values of accuracy measures, including Kappa (K), overall accuracy (OA), producer's accuracy (PA) and user's accuracy (UA), were explored. In addition, the results of this study were compared with a previous study in the same area, in which resampling techniques were used to deal with imbalanced data for digital soil class mapping. The findings show that all three suggested methods can deal well with the imbalanced classification problem, with OCCM showing the highest K (= 0.76) and OA (= 82) in the validation stage. Also, this model can guarantee the retention of the minority classes in the final map. Comparing the present approaches with the previous study approach demonstrates that the three newly suggested methods can remarkably increase both overall and individual class accuracy for mapping.     

基于凸壳的在线单类学习机

传统的基于支持向量机的单类分类器因计算复杂度高而无法满足大规模数据实时处理的需求,在线学习方法为解决该问题提供了一种有效途径.本文在挖掘样本数据在特征空间分布性状的基础上,提出了一种基于凸壳的在线单类学习机(One-class Online Classifier based on Convex Hull,OOCCH).该方法首先使用凸壳的定义选择能代表特征空间中数据分布的凸壳向量对应的原始样本作为训练样本来缩减训练集的规模;其次在分类器在线更新阶段利用凸壳向量动态地调整分类器的训练样本.理论分析证明了OOCCH的有效性,与现有的在线单类分类器的实验比较,OOCCH在训练时间和分类性能方面有显著优势.     

基于支撑域的单分类器和密度估计的本质关系

单类支持向量机和支持向量数据描述是两种流行的基于支撑域的单分类器。为揭示采用高斯核后他们与密度估计之间的关系，首先将基于支撑域的单分类器统一到密度估计的框架下；其次证明了基于支撑域的单分类器诱导的密度估计和真实密度一致，同时也能减小积分平方误差。最后通过人工数据集实验验证了上述关系。