大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥效果的研究

目的：探讨大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥的效果。方法：20名自愿参加青年肥胖女性随机分为对照组和实验组各10名，实验组进行12周4次/周大强度间歇游泳运动，运动方案为以85%VO2max强度完成200m游、再以55%VO2max强度完成100m游、间歇休息3min为一组，重复6组；在运动计划实施前和12周结束时采用ZEUS9.9身体成分分析仪测定受试者身体成分。结果：与对照组或运动前比较，实验组青年肥胖女性的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、体脂%、身体脂肪、内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪均出现极显著性或显著性减少（P<0.01，P<0.05)，而肌肉量和蛋白质量则出现显著性增加 (p<0.05）。结论：大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性有明显的减肥效果。     

Genetic variants of the unsaturated fatty acid receptor GPR120 relating to obesity in dogs

G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 is an unsaturated fatty acid receptor, which is associated with various physiological functions. It is reported that the genetic variant of GPR120, p.Arg270His, is detected more in obese people, and this genetic variation functionally relates to obesity in humans. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder also in dogs, but the genetic factors have not ever been identified in dogs. In this study, we investigated the molecular structure of canine GPR120 and searched for candidate genetic variants which may relate to obesity in dogs. Canine GPR120 was highly homologous to those of other species, and seven transmembrane domains and two N-glycosylation sites were conserved. GPR120 mRNA was expressed in lung, jejunum, ileum, colon, hypothalamus, hippocampus, spinal cord, bone marrow, dermis and white adipose tissues in dogs, as those in mice and humans. Genetic variants of GPR120 were explored in client-owned 141 dogs, resulting in that 5 synonymous and 4 non-synonymous variants were found. The variant c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) was found in 40 dogs, and the gene frequency was significantly higher in dogs with higher body condition scores, i.e. 0.320 in BCS4–5 dogs, 0.175 in BCS3 dogs and 0.000 in BCS2 dogs. We conclude that c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) is a candidate variant relating to obesity, which may be helpful for nutritional management of dogs.     

影响棕色脂肪组织产热活性因素的研究进展

全球性肥胖流行问题愈发严峻,而脂肪组织本身可能是解决这个问题的关键。人和哺乳动物体内存在两种脂肪组织,发挥着截然相反的作用。与白色脂肪组织存储机体过剩的能量不同,棕色脂肪组织中存在独特的解偶联蛋白,能将脂肪酸氧化磷酸化,释放热能,增加能量消耗。因此,通过激活棕色脂肪组织产热,加速体内储存的脂质氧化磷酸化,成为了一种新的预防和治疗肥胖的手段。论文阐述影响棕色脂肪产热活性的因素以及相关机制,旨在为肥胖的治疗提供新的思路和方向。     

温阳复方对肥胖大鼠模型糖代谢的影响

为考察温阳为主中药复方对肥胖大鼠糖代谢的影响，采用高脂饲料喂养12周建立肥胖大鼠模型，将造模成功的 SD 肥胖大鼠随机分成3组，分别为模型组、二甲双胍组、温阳复方组，并设正常对照组。连续灌胃8周，在给药第4、8周测其空腹血糖，给药 8周后测口服糖耐量与肌糖原、肝糖原、糖化血红蛋白含量。结果显示，给药 8周后，温阳复方组空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白含量降低，肌糖原、肝糖原含量升高。结果表明，温阳复方能够明显纠正肥胖大鼠糖代谢紊乱，有效预防和延缓早期糖尿病的发生。     

The relationship of feeding patterns and obesity in dogs

The rates of dog obesity are increasing and a greater understanding of feeding patterns is required to combat the problem. This study examined relationships between dietary patterns and caloric intake, and nutrient content of foods fed as it relates to obesity in dogs in the United States. Sixty‐one owners and their dogs were enrolled, and lifestyle surveys, food frequencies, and 3‐day food records were collected. Significant differences in overall kcal intake per kilogram of body weight were found (p < 0.04). Crude fibre in dog food was positively associated with protein and negatively associated with fat regardless of the dog’s weight (p < 0.001). Lean dogs received significantly more crude fibre in relation to overweight dogs regardless of the number of treats they received (p < 0.01), and their diets had greater micronutrient densities (p < 0.03) suggesting that high fibre influences body condition. Additionally, owners who ate nutrient‐rich, calorie‐poor diets had normal weight dogs, and owners that fed more table scraps had overweight dogs. Regardless of body condition, 59% of dogs received table scraps, which constituted 21% of daily caloric intake. The nutrient density of scraps fed was variable and did not meet National Research Council’s recommendations for micronutrient adequacy.     

魔芋甘露聚糖对营养性肥胖大鼠的作用

试验结果表明魔芋甘露聚糖(0.17～1.5g/kg)可降低营养性肥胖大鼠的体重,减少脂肪堆积,脂肪细胞的数量和大小,可使肥胖大鼠的血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、血糖有所降低,提示魔芋甘露聚糖减肥作用的机制之一是使其小肠绒毛膜的形态正常化,使亢进的吸收功能恢复正常。     

Multiple effects of grape seed polyphenolics to prevent metabolic diseases

Obesity is increasing in developing countries. Population studies show a relationship between affluence and obesity. Changing food intake patterns with affluence such as preference for foods with less astringent polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibers may increase risk of metabolic dysfunctions due to caloric imbalance. Animal models of obesity consistently show that grape seed procyanidins prevent increases in body and abdo- minal adipose weight gain, plasma cholesterol, liver weight gain and inflammation in animals on high fat diets. The mechanisms are not clear because the oral intake of procyanidins results in pleiotropic interactions with proteins in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, cecum and colon that affect the rate of digestion of bioavailability of macronutrients, sterols, and dietary fiber. Procyanidins also bind bile acids and reduce intestinal permeability to inflammatory bacterial cell wall fragment. Procyanidins are not degraded or metabolized until reaching the lower gut where they can be metabolized into phenolic acids by gut bacteria. While they are metabolized by gut bacteria, they also alter total numbers and distribution of phyla and species of gut bacteria. Gut bacteria are recognized as significant contributors to obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. The review examines the different pleiotropic effects of grape seed procyanidins that have a significant effect on metabolic disease in animal models of obesity.     

六味地黄丸对大鼠脂肪细胞生长的影响

〔摘要〕目的探讨六味地黄丸对正常大鼠脂肪细胞生长的影响〔方法将}s只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成3组,即 普通饲料组(正常组)、高脂饲料组(对照组)、六味地黄丸组(实验组),每组2s只、分别于实验的第4周和第8周从每 组中随机取10只大鼠进行麻醉,测量腹围,取脂肪组织等处理,将脂肪组织作细胞形态学观察〔结果六味地黄丸能显 著增加大鼠腹腔脂肪含量,减少单位视野所见的脂肪细胞个数,增加单位视野中脂肪细胞的面积,与正常组及对照组 比较,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

红枣醋和枳椇醋减肥降血脂作用研究

采用红枣醋、枳椇醋对小鼠进行试验,研究红枣醋和枳椇醋的减肥降血脂作用.结果表明,试验组小鼠血清总胆固醇和甘油三脂、动脉硬化指数、生殖器周围脂肪质量均较普通对照组及肥胖和高血脂对照组明显下降,而高密度脂蛋白却高于高脂模型组,说明红枣醋和枳椇醋均具有减肥降血脂的保健作用,且红枣醋减肥降血脂效果更好.     

章鱼胺对营养性肥胖小鼠减肥作用的研究

采用高脂饲料建立小鼠肥胖模型,以小鼠体重、Lee's指数、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TC)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)等指标的变化,研究章鱼胺对小鼠的减肥作用.结果表明,肥胖对照组小鼠较普通对照组小鼠的体重、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量均显著增加(P<0.05),表明营养肥胖模型构建成功;章鱼胺各剂量组及阳性对照组中小鼠的体重、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数、血清总胆固醇(TC)与模型组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中Lee's指数和甘油三脂(TG)的中、高剂量组与模型组存在显著性差异(P<0.05);章鱼胺对营养性肥胖小鼠有一定的减肥降脂作用.