池塘养殖条件下当年口虾蛄生长特性的研究

为了了解口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下的生长规律,并为其规模化生产提供科学依据。在水温15℃~31℃条件下,通过测量体重、体长等指标,对当年口虾蛄的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:（1）30日龄口虾蛄经100天培育后,体长从(8.20 ± 0.45)cm增至(11.79 ± 0.67)cm,日均增长0.036 cm,体重从(7.14 ± 1.17)g增至(20.54 ± 3.44)g,日均增重0.134 g。（2）当年口虾蛄的体重与体长的拟合方程为W=0.016L^2.879(R²=0.978),其b值接近于3;体长、体重与养殖日龄的最佳方程均为指数函数。（3）当年口虾蛄的肥满度在30日龄时最高,90日龄最低,肥满度与养殖水温没有明显相关关系;在水温23℃以上时,口虾蛄的瞬时增长率、瞬时增重率指标逐渐升高并在90日龄达到最大值。综上所述,口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下生长效果良好,其体长与体重的生长基本同步,适宜进行规模化人工养殖。     

新疆红花地方种种子含油率与主要农艺性状间的灰色关联分析

为了新疆红花地方种高油品种的选育和改良提供科学数据,本研究采用灰色关联分析法,在新疆农业科学院综合试验场对来自新疆的51份红花材料的种子含油率与主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,新疆红花地方种的种子含油率与12个主要农艺性状的关联顺序为单株果球数>株高>三级有效分枝数>顶果球着粒数>节间长度>皮壳率>千粒重>生育期>一级有效分枝数>二级有效分枝数>分枝总数>节间数,表明单株果球数、株高、三级有效分枝数是影响新疆红花地方种种子含油率的重要因素。因此,在新疆红花地方种培育高油品种时,应优先考虑单株果球数,株高和三级有效分枝数等指标。本研究结果为培育高油红花提供科学参考数据。     

南洋楹无性系抗寒性研究

【目的】南洋楹属典型热带树种,抗寒性较差,严重制约其推广应用。开展南洋楹无性系抗寒性评价,对于提高其造林成效、拓广其栽培区域具有重要意义。【方法】以生长较好的9个南洋楹无性系组培苗为研究对象,通过系列低温处理,观测幼苗叶片形态变化,分析测定叶片相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(PRO)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,揭示南洋楹无性系在低温胁迫下的生理响应,并进行无性系抗寒性评价。【结果】在2℃时,所有无性系均出现不同程度落叶;0℃时所有无性系均出现顶芽死亡,其抗寒性差异主要表现在0~2℃温度区间;9个无性系的REC随温度降低呈单调上升和先上升后下降再上升的2种变化趁势,属于后者的无性系抗寒性更强,0℃下S5、S7的REC最低;PRO含量随温度降低整体上呈现递增趁势,TL18、S7、S5、A8的PRO含量增幅最大,均在1倍以上;SOD活性在同一温度下无性系之间差异显著,但随温度降低无明显变化规律。应用REC进行聚类分析,将9个无性系分为3类,S7、S5、TL18抗寒性最强,A8抗寒性最差,其它6个无性系抗寒性居中。【结论】建议生产上推广S7、S5和TL18无性系。     

Early interspecific dynamics,dry matter production and nitrogen use in Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed intercropping

ABSTRACT

The global interest in growing perennial grain crops such as intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) (Kernza) for production of food and feed is increasing. Intercropping Kernza with legumes may be a sustainable way of supplying nitrogen to soil and associated intercrop. We determined the competitive interactions between intercropped Kernza (K) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (A) under three inorganic nitrogen (N) rates N0, N1, N2 (0, 200, 400 kg ha^?1) and five species relative frequencies (SRF) (100%K:0%A, 75%K:25%A, 50%K:50%A, 25%K:75%A and 0% K:100%A) in mixed intercrops (MI) in a greenhouse pot experiment. After 11 weeks of growth. Kernza dry matter yield (DM) and N accumulated (NACC) were low, but alfalfa DM and NACC high at 0 kg N ha^?1. 200 and 400 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser application increased the competitive ability (CA) of Kernza and reduced the CA of alfalfa. SRF had large impacts on alfalfa DM, NACC and NFIX only at 0 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser, and insignificant impacts on Kernza at all N fertiliser levels, indicating that adjustment of SRF may not be an effective way to modulate the interspecific competition of Kernza. Further research on the other factors that influence the interspecific competition are warranted.     

茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生理生化的化感效应

为研究茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长与生理生化的化感效应,以模拟自然条件下雨雾淋溶方式,采用不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液(CK:0 mg·mL^-1、T1:6.25 mg·mL^-1、T2:12.5 mg·mL^-1、T3:25 mg·mL^-1 和T4:50 mg·mL^-1)处理菘蓝,测定其生长、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达量、细胞膜损伤率以及丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、渗透调节物质和次生代谢物含量的变化。结果表明,茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应,与CK相比,T1对菘蓝生长具有一定的促进作用,而浸提液浓度超过菘蓝的耐受阈值时,会对其生长产生不利的影响。随着浸提液浓度的升高,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脯氨酸含量则持续增加。与CK相比,T1的MDA含量、细胞膜损伤率和H₂O含量差异不显著,而T3、T4则显著升高。茶树凋落叶浸提液对抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达有不同的影响,T1的过氧化物酶(POD)与抗坏血酸氧化物酶(APX)活性最高,T2的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,而T3、T4的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著低于CK。T1的Pod、Cat、Apx基因表达量最高,而T4则抑制了抗氧化酶基因的表达。此外,POD活性与其基因表达量呈显著正相关,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT和APX活性与其基因表达量的相关性不显著。不同浓度的茶树凋落叶浸提液对于菘蓝次生代谢物质积累的影响存在显著差异,低浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对菘蓝生长、靛蓝和靛玉红含量积累有促进作用,而高浓度茶树凋落叶浸提液对总黄酮含量积累有一定的促进作用。本研究结果可为幼龄茶园中茶树-菘蓝复合种植提供理论参考。     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.     

Evaluating the relationship between yearling walleye,Sander vitreus,electrofishing catch‐per‐unit‐effort and density in northern Wisconsin lakes

Recruitment declines of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), observed in some northern Wisconsin lakes have resulted in management actions to evaluate and rehabilitate populations. An effective index for estimating relative abundance of yearling walleye is required. The objectives herein were : (a) to evaluate the relationship between yearling walleye electrofishing CPUE and density in northern Wisconsin lakes; (b) to test for the influence of lake‐specific factors on electrofishing catchability of yearling walleye; and (c) to develop an index whereby electrofishing CPUE can be used to quantify yearling walleye relative abundance. Yearling density was significantly positively related to electrofishing CPUE on a long‐term dataset from Escanaba Lake as well as a dataset including several lakes combined. Electrofishing catchability of yearling walleye was negatively related to lake‐surface area but was not related to other lake‐specific variables. This index can provide an efficient method to continue monitoring natural recruitment and also to evaluate survival of stocked walleye.     

Intercropping fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without biochar: Tests along a competition gradient

Integrating soil amendment biochar to legume‐based intercropping systems may amplify the intercropping benefits and lead to more sustainable production due to its positive effects on the soil physicochemical and biological environment. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) is a legume used in an intercropping system in several countries in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. A barley cultivar and an Iranian fenugreek ecotype were studied in two replacement series experiments to find the best combination of the two species as well as the effect of adding biochar to the soil. Fenugreek and barley were grown in 4‐L pots in five density combinations (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, 0:20) with and without application of biochar in sandy loam soil. The biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) amount of the two crops were measured fifty days after sowing, and the Relative Yield Total (RYT) was estimated. Our results showed that biochar application resulted in a higher total biomass, N and C amount in all combinations of fenugreek and barley. Total biomass was increased by biochar 19.2% when fenugreek was grown alone and 8.1 and 12.9% in series with 25 and 50% barley when biochar was added, respectively. Biochar increased dry matter, N and C accumulation in both crop species in the mixtures. An exception was the C amount of barley which was not influenced by biochar in intercropping. RYT values were largest for biomass, C and N amount in mixtures with 15 fenugreek plants per pot and 5 barley plants per pot corresponding to approximately 400 fenugreek plants per m mixed with 130 barley plants per m². Biochar application increased RYT of the total dry weight by 2.7 and 5.5% in mixtures of 25 and 50% barley plants, RYT of the total nitrogen by 0.8% in mixtures with 25% barley plants, and RYT of the total carbon by 2.7 and 6.6% in mixtures with 25 and 50% barley plants. The RYT values declined with increasing number of barley plants as a result of a less competitive ability of fenugreek when growing in high barley densities. The yield was highest with intercropping but monoculture of barley also resulted in high yields. The total highest yield was found when approximately 130 fenugreek plants per m² were mixed with 400 barley plants per m². Mixtures with 75% fenugreek and 25% barley obtained RYT values larger than 1 for biomass, carbon and nitrogen percentages.     

基于斜率比法评定断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率

本试验旨在研究不同铜源（硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和柠檬酸铜）和铜添加水平（20和30 mg/kg）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清铜含量与含铜酶活性以及组织铜含量的影响,探讨断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率。试验采用3×2双因子随机区组设计,选取平均体重为（8.98±0.48） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪112头,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（铜含量为7.80 mg/kg）,各试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加20或30 mg/kg硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜或柠檬酸铜（均以铜含量计）。试验预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：1）试验组与对照组断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪血清铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对血清铜蓝蛋白和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪肝脏铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对心脏、肾脏、胰脏和跖骨铜含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）根据多元线性回归斜率比法计算,以血清铜...     

覆盖方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶抗氧化生理及粒重形成的影响

于2017—2018年和2018—2019年,在西北中部旱作雨养农业区以冬小麦‘康庄974’为试验材料,设秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖方式对小麦灌浆期土壤水分和温度及抗氧化能力的影响,探讨花后干物质积累量和粒重形成的关系。结果表明,随生育期推进,花后旗叶相对含水量(RWC)逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,且PM较SM降、升幅度明显。与CK相比,覆盖显著提高花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量;开花时间越长,SM抗氧化酶活性升高的幅度越大,而PM主要提高花后7 d旗叶抗氧化能力。SM和PM的粒重分别较CK增加14.3%和19.1%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤水分(SW)是影响旗叶生理活性的关键因子,提高SW,有利于增加RWC(r=0.84^**),从而提高旗叶抗氧化能力,其中RWC和抗坏血酸酶(ASA)活性呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.82^**);ASA活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.94^**),和MDA含量呈极显著负相...