Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.     

基于全基因序列的中国北方3省(区)马铃薯Y病毒遗传多样性分析

本研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)全基因组为基础,分析吉林、黑龙江和内蒙古3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性和群体分化,并评估突变、重组、选择等遗传力所起的作用。根据已报道的PVY全基因序列保守区设计4对引物,采用片段重叠法对来自内蒙古和吉林的24个PVY分离物全基因序列进行测定,并联合NCBI中已登录的9个黑龙江分离物全基因组序列进行遗传多样性参数评估、群体分化检验和分子变异等分析。结果显示,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,其中内蒙古和黑龙江PVY群体遗传多样性高于吉林群体,并且3个群体之间呈现一定程度的遗传分化。分子变异分析发现在PVY基因组中存在1 786个变异位点,表明我国北方3省(区)PVY群体变异程度较高,并且这种高变异度有85.54%来自各个马铃薯种植区内PVY个体的遗传变异。重组分析和系统发育分析发现,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体中重组株系占比高达90.3%,并具有明显的株系多样性,表明PVY重组株系已成为我国北方3省(区)马铃薯种植区的流行株系。选择压力分析显示,使用FEL和IFEL法分别检测出501个和315个净化压力选择位点,这表明3省(区)PVY群体受净化选择压力为主。以上结果表明,中国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,突变、重组和自然选择都对遗传多样性和群体分化存在一定影响。     

棉铃虫性信息素生物合成研究进展

性信息素是昆虫两性通讯的化学信号, 在物种繁衍中担当着重要的角色。以性信息素为基础的害虫诱杀和交配干扰等防治手段具有灵敏度高、选择性强、对天敌安全、不污染环境等优点, 在害虫综合治理和绿色防控体系应用中深受青睐。棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 是一种世界性农业害虫, 具有适应能力强和寄主广泛的特点, 条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾。以棉铃虫为代表的醛类性信息素的生物合成和调控过程, 是目前研究较早也较为透彻的一类性信息素。本研究概述了棉铃虫性信息素的组分和功能, 生物合成时的信号转导途径和调控机制, 以及性信息素前体的生成和特异性组分的碳链修饰过程, 并总结了当前研究的不足, 旨在为今后的基础研究和生产应用提供指导。     

Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

Potato virus Y(PVY) is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production. We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency, initial inoculum levels, vector behavior, vector abundance, and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season. Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season. However, when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high, significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low. Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids, particularly at high densities. An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season, while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread. Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields. Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.     

新疆橐吾属（Ligularia Cass）新种

本文报道新疆橐吾属２新种，即新疆橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　Ｘｉｎ　ｊｉａｎｇ　ｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ　ｅｔ　Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ和天山橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　ｔｉａｎｓｃｈａｎｉｃａ　Ｃ．Ｙ．ＹａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ。     

烟草感染马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系后PPO活性及其同工酶变化的研究

感染马铃薯Ｙ病毒脉坏死株系（ＰＶＹ＾Ｎ）后,敏感烟草体内的多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）活性升高,而抗性烟草的ＰＰＯ活性降低,但其活性值均高于敏感烟草健康植株;敏感烟草从接种ＰＶＹ＾Ｎ后第８ｄ起出现２条新的ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带,而且随着病害程度的加重其强度增加,抗性烟草则没有新的ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带出现,在未接种的情况下,抗性烟草体内的ＰＰＯ活性明显高于敏感烟草,其ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带数比敏感烟草多１条。     

长白柳种质试管保存研究

[目的]筛选出长白柳嫩茎离体培养各阶段的培养基。[方法]以长白柳嫩茎基部直接再生形成的丛生芽团为试材,利用＂延缓生长＂的方法在试管内对长白柳进行种质保存,应用均匀设计法探讨了影响长白柳丛生芽团试管保存的主要因子和水平,筛选最适于长白柳丛生芽团试管保存的培养基。[结果]长白柳最适宜的丛生芽团试管保存培养基为：N-68＋根皮苷3.20 mg/L＋KT0.70 mg/L,保存43个月生长率仅为0.97%。对保存前后的芽苗生根情况对比结果表明,保存后的芽苗生根速度快,生根率达99.6%以上,较未保存前的生根率99.0%高。[结论]在试管内采取＂延缓生长＂法保存长白柳丛生芽团是切实可行的新方法。     

肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能影响的实验研究

目的:研究肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能的影响,探讨肉苁蓉在细胞水平治疗感染性休克的机制.方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组,12 h对照组,12 h给药组,16 h对照组和16 h给药组.采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)复制感染性休克模型,比较各组存活率和平均动脉压(MAP),肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR),ADP/O比值的变化.结果:大鼠在复制感染性休克模型后,肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率和ADP/O比值显著降低,24 h存活率明显下降.给药组肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR)和ADP/O比值较对照组明显改善(P＜0.05),与大鼠死亡率的降低呈明显正相关.结论:肉苁蓉能增强线粒体摄氧功能和氧化磷酸化功能,恢复感染性休克线粒体的正常的能量代谢功能.     

H-Y抗血清的制备及检测研究

选用８ ～１２ 周龄纯系的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 母鼠, 用同日龄的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 公鼠采取皮肤移植和脾细胞注射２ 种方式免疫, 制备 Ｈ Ｙ 抗血清, 经精子微量细胞毒性试验, 筛选抗血清。皮肤移植５ 只小鼠中只有１ 只产生较好的抗血清, 脾细胞注射的４ 只小鼠都能产生较好的抗血清, 产生抗血清的小鼠占５５ ％ 。抗血清与昆明鼠正常８ｃｅｌｌ 早期桑椹胚培养５ ～６ 、１８ 和２４ ｈ 后, 退化率达４３３ ％ , 经 Ｘ２ 检验差异不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ００５） , 符合自然性比例。