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1.
LIU Benli 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):599-611
Saltation is the major particle movement type in wind erosion process. Saltating sand grains can rebound up to tens of times larger in length and height over hard surface(such as gravel surface) than over loose sand surface. Gravels usually have different faces, causing distinct response of the impacting grains, but the effects of the grain and gravel-surface contact angle on grain rebound are not yet well quantified. We performed full-range controlled experiments of grain saltation using different contact angles, grain sizes and impact speeds in still air, to show that contact angle increases the height of representative saltation path but decreases particle travel length. The results were compared with outputs from the COMprehensive numerical model of SALTation(COMSALT). Large saltation height of 4.8 m and length of 9.0 m were recorded. The maximum and representative saltation height over the gravel surface were found to be about 4.9 times and 12.8 times those over the loose sandy surface, respectively. The maximum saltation length may be reduced by 58% and the representative saltation height may be increased by 77% as contact angle increases from 20° to 40°. We further showed that the collision inertia contributes 60% of the saltation length, and wind contributes to the other 40%. These quantitative findings have important implications for modeling saltation trajectory over gravel surface.  相似文献   
2.
研究不同产量水平冬小麦群体冠层不同层次光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation,PAR)截获、干物质分布及产量的影响,为缩小新疆冬小麦产量差距、提高光能资源利用和高产栽培提供理论依据。试验于2018—2019年在军户和奇台两个不同试验区进行,以当地主栽品种为试验材料,采用综合管理模式模拟了超高产(SH:≥9000 kg·hm^-2)、高产(HH:7500~9000 kg·hm^-2)、农户(FP:6000~7500 kg·hm^-2)、基础(CK:≤4500 kg·hm^-2)4个产量水平。研究4个产量水平下新疆冬小麦开花期上、中、下冠层的光截获特性及干物质积累与分配特性,分析其与产量构成的相关性,探究增产途径。结果表明:产量水平高的群体在灌浆期仍能保持较高的叶面积指数(Leaf Ar?ea Index,LAI);随着产量水平的提高,冠层上、中、下层的PAR截获率和PAR截获量均提高,且总体表现为上层>中层>下层,呈现“上强下弱”的垂直分布特征,PAR透射率变化趋势与之相反;中层干物质积累量要低于上、下层干物质积累量,且上层干物质随着产量水平的升高增幅要大于中层和下层,干物质上、中、下层均与PAR截获率呈极显著相关,与籽粒产量的相关系数分别为0.97、0.90、0.78。可见花后维持较高LAI,提高光合有效辐射截获量(IPAR),增加开花后干物质积累,是实现小麦增产,缩小产量差的途径。  相似文献   
3.
目的】响应面分析法优化杏酒发酵工艺条件,为杏加工企业提供技术支撑。【方法】以新疆毛杏为原料,通过单因素和响应面分析法,研究初始糖度、初始pH值、发酵温度各自变量及其交互作用对杏酒品质的影响,并建立回归模型,得到最适杏酒发酵工艺参数。【结果】得到回归方程为:Y=89.40+3.00A+2.88B+1.63C+1.75AB-1.25AC-1.00BC-2.95A2-8.70B2-4.70C2。杏酒最适发酵工艺条件为:杏水比1∶0.5,酵母接种量0.04%,初始糖度22.5%,初始pH值3.6,发酵温度18℃,此条件下感官评分为90.3,与模型预测值吻合。【结论】响应面分析法提供的模型较真实的拟合了实际情况,证明了模型的可靠性。  相似文献   
4.
将辐射制冷材料粘贴或涂刷于浅圆仓仓顶和外壁,试验表明:试验仓比对照仓仓顶外表面平均温度低4.3℃,最高值低26.1℃;平均仓温低2.8℃,最高值低5.6℃;平均粮面温度低2.4℃,最高值低4.7℃。试验表明,辐射制冷材料应用于浅圆仓具有显著的降温效果,新型辐射制冷技术产业化的突破为粮食仓储行业实现更高质量的仓储环境提供了新材料,为实现浅圆仓的准低温储粮提供了新的参考方法。  相似文献   
5.
为开发新型天然烟用香料,采用热回流提取工艺制备生地黄提取物。以提取物得率、感官品质为评价指标,利用单因素试验结合Box-Behnken响应面分析方法对热回流提取工艺中关键参数进行优化,并对其在卷烟中的应用效果进行评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度85℃,提取时间55 min,提取溶剂为50%乙醇,料液比1∶12,此时提取物得率为42.0%,且添加量为0.1%~0.4%时感官品质最佳,可丰富烟香,改善余味,增甜增润。  相似文献   
6.
针对砂壤土条件下马铃薯中耕机作业效率低、培土效果不佳等问题,设计了一种犁铧式马铃薯中耕机。阐述了该机整体结构及工作原理,阐明了犁体曲面成形原理,采用水平元线法并结合马铃薯中耕作业要求以及动力学分析确定了影响培土犁作业效果的犁体结构参数及其取值范围。基于EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了部件-土壤仿真模型,以培土高度、土壤破碎率为试验指标,以导曲线上端切线夹角、初始元线角、元线角差值为试验因素,进行了二次正交旋转回归仿真试验。在仿真试验基础上进行了田间试验,结果表明,所设计的犁铧式马铃薯中耕机碎土率为94.7%、培土高度为8.4cm、作业深度为13.6cm,根深稳定性系数为92.1%,油耗为14.6kg/hm2,明显优于锄铲式马铃薯中耕机的作业效率及作业效果,满足马铃薯中耕机作业要求。  相似文献   
7.
刘亮  王丹  王诚  陈红  胡国宇  黎青 《核农学报》2021,35(5):1009-1019
为研究60Co-γ射线对栀子插条的辐射诱变作用及3种保护剂的保护效应,采用不同辐射剂量(5、10、20、40 Gy)辐射栀子插条,运用氯化钠(NaCl)、半胱氨酸(Cys)及维生素C(Vc)3种保护剂,分别设置4种不同浓度浸泡辐射后插条,分析不同辐射剂量及保护剂处理栀子插条的生根率、存活率、根长、根数、成株率、节间长度、分枝数、叶片数、叶长、叶宽等指标。结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,栀子插条的损伤逐渐增大。栀子插条60Co-γ射线半生根剂量为21.22 Gy,半致死剂量为81.65 Gy,半成株剂量为20.30 Gy。3种保护剂在较高剂量辐射下具有显著的保护效应。在20 Gy辐射剂量下,3.00 g·L-1 NaCl处理对栀子插条生根、生长保护效果较好。40 Gy辐射剂量下,0.12 g·L-1 Cys和0.08 g·L-1 Vc处理对栀子插条生根、生长保护效果较好。综上所述,3种保护剂均对较高剂量60Co-γ射线损伤具有较好的保护作用,且保护效果与辐射剂量、保护剂浓度相关。本研究为栀子的辐射诱变育种及保护剂应用提供了技术参考。  相似文献   
8.
对浑善达克沙地进行野外考察和采集表层沙样,通过激光粒度仪测量其沙粒粒径,分析其内部不同区域沉积物粒度特征、空间分异规律和沉积环境,为治理该沙地提供理论依据。结果表明,浑善达克沙地内部不同区域表层沉积物粒度组成上有较大的差异,总体以细沙和中沙为主,平均含量分别为43.9%和34.72%;粉沙、极细沙、粗砂含量较少。中值粒径从西到东逐渐变细;分选系数为0.94Φ,分选性整体较差,沿盛行风向有变好的趋势;偏度和峰度均值分别为0.16和1.23。粒度频率曲线指示该沙地沉积环境多样,沉积过程复杂。中西部沙物质以河流及湖泊沉积为主;东部则主要分布风成沉积,其部分物质可能来源于沙地内部的河流碎屑物或更西部的河湖相沉积。  相似文献   
9.
We provide estimates of glacier mass changes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) area from April2002 to August 2016 by employing a new version of gravity solutions of the Gravity Recovery and ClimateExperiment (GRACE) twin-satellite mission. We find a total mass loss trend of the HMA glaciers at a rateof –22.17 (±1.96) Gt/a. The largest mass loss rates of –7.02 (±0.94) and –6.73 (±0.78) Gt/a are found forthe glaciers in Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas, respectively. Although most glaciers inthe HMA area show a mass loss, we find a small glacier mass gain of 1.19 (±0.55) and 0.77 (±0.37) Gt/a inKarakoram Mountains and Western Kunlun Mountains, respectively. There is also a nearly zero massbalance in Pamirs. Our estimates of glacier mass change trends confirm previous results from the analysisof altimetry data of the ICESat (ICE, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) and ASTER (AdvancedSpaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) DEM (Digital Elevation Model) satellites inmost of the selected glacier areas. However, they largely differ to previous GRACE-based studies which weattribute to our different post-processing techniques of the newer GRACE data. In addition, we explicitlyshow regional mass change features for both the interannual glacier mass changes and the 14-a averagedseasonal glacier mass changes. These changes can be explained in parts by total net precipitation (netsnowfall and net rainfall) and net snowfall, but mostly by total net radiation energy when compared to datafrom the ERA5-Land meteorological reanalysis. Moreover, nearly all the non-trend interannual masschanges and most seasonal mass changes can be explained by the total net radiation energy data. The massloss trends could be partly related to a heat effect due to increased net rainfall in Tianshan Mountains, QilianMountains, Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Eastern Himalayas. Our new results for the glacier mass changein this study could help improve the understanding of glacier variation in the HMA area and contribute tothe study of global change. They could also serve the utilization of water resources there and in neighboringareas.  相似文献   
10.
We studied the effects of temperature and solar radiation on rice yield with the aim of understanding the temperature and solar radiation requirements for high yield rice production in the lower reaches of the Huai River, China. Field experiments were conducted with two medium-maturing japonica rice(MMJR) varieties and four late-maturing japonica rice(LMJR) varieties in 2017 and 2018. Seeds were sown on May 10(T1), May 17(T2), May 24(T3), May 31(T4), June 7(T5), June 14(T6), and June 21(T7). The whole growth duration(WGD) of rice was shortened when sowing date was delayed, especially for the duration from sowing to heading(S–H). The effective accumulated temperature(EAT), mean daily temperature(T_(mean)), cumulative solar radiation(CSR), and mean daily solar radiation(R_(mean)) over the WGD decreased when sowing date was delayed. Compared with T1, yields in T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 decreased by 0.12–0.35, 0.45–0.89, 0.74–1.56, 1.41–2.24, 2.16–2.90, and 2.69–3.64 t ha-1, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between rice yield and EAT in different growth stages. Temperature was the main factor that affected the yield of good eating-quality rice in the lower reaches of the Huai River. We found that a relatively high yield can be obtained when the optimal T_(mean) for medium-maturing japonica rice(MMJR) and late-maturing japonica rice(LMJR) was 25.8–27.0℃ and 26.6–27.1℃ in the stages from sowing to heading(S–H), and 20.3–23.3℃ and 20.3–22.1℃ in the stages from heading to maturity(H–M), respectively. The optimal sowing dates for MMJR and LMJR in the lower reaches of the Huai River were May 15–31 and May 15–18, respectively.  相似文献   
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