Yield, growth and mortality rate of the Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis, in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand

The Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, is a clupeid with a short life span, and supports artisanal fisheries in a number of reservoirs in the Mekong Basin. The growth parameters, mortality rates and the status of the Thai river sprat in Sirinthorn Reservoir (28 800 ha), NE Thailand (15°N; 105°E), are presented. The fishery is based on lured lift‐nets, operated 7–14 days in the new moon period, September to April each year. It was shown that the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) model was L_t (mm) = 78.43[1 ? exp{?0.211[t ? (?0.7996)]}] and its growth conformed to an isometric pattern. Natural mortality rate (month^?1) was 0.13 month^?1. Total mortality rates ranged from 0.69 to 1.53 month^?1 depending on the weather and the fishing season. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year but peaked in June and July. The yield per recruit model indicated that the exploitation rate of this fishery is probably too high.     

四方井水利枢纽工程古树名木和重点保护野生植物分布现状及保护对策

通过野外调查查清了宜春市四方井水利枢纽工程项目区内古树名木及重点保护野生植物的种类、数量、生境类型、保护等级、生长势、保护管理现状及根系生长情况,结合工程项目的要求,提出了对古树名木及重点保护野生植物的保护对策,将工程建设对古树名木及重点保护野生植物资源的负面影响控制到最小,并为项目建设单位、有关政府机构制定和实施生态环境管理、监测计划提供科学依据.     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.     

长距离天然气管道干空气干燥技术及应用

阐述了长距离天然气管道干燥的必要性,介绍了目前国外天然气管道常用的干燥方法,建立了干空气干燥数学模型,分析了影响管道干燥效果的几个主要因素。针对忠武输气管道,详细介绍了干空气干燥技术及应用。     

履带式拖拉机变速箱组合结构的有限元分析

为了进一步改善履带式拖拉机的传动性能,利用有限元分析技术展开设计.根据履带式拖拉机的变速箱体内部各轴系的位置关系与承受载荷程度,结合履带式拖拉机田间作业环境特点,充分将组成部件离散化,利用ANSYS进行分析,得到变速箱体压力分布云图,达到预期优化目标并进行性能试验.试验表明:变速箱内部组合结构局部优化后,固有频率试验值...