猪支原体肺炎诊断与处理

猪支原体肺炎是生猪养殖中较为常见的一种猪肺疾病类型,该病具有高度接触性、慢性传染性等特点,如果未能得到及时有效的处理则会扩散至整个生猪群体范围,对生猪养殖的经济效益造成严重损害。且在猪支原体肺炎的发生中,该病经常与圆环病毒及其他病原体进行混合感染,进一步加深生猪病情,对生猪养殖造成非常严重的经济损失。养殖人员在生猪养殖中务必要加强对于猪支原体肺炎的重视程度,积极了解猪支原体肺炎的临床症状与发生特点,采取有效的防治措施以避免猪支原体肺炎发生。该文主要论述猪支原体肺炎的发生特点、临床症状以及诊断防治。     

First report on the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi from Latvia

During 2017, Dutch elm disease was investigated on 67 Ulmus glabra and 29 Ulmus laevis samples from 28 sites in Latvia. The presence of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi was detected in 61.2% of the samples from U. glabra and in 34.5% of the samples from U. laevis. In 11% of cases, hybrids between subsp. novo‐ulmi and subsp. americana were identified, particularly in the sites in the southern part of Latvia. This study presents the first verified record of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and its subspecies in Latvia.     

Crosses between two subspecies of bay scallop Argopecten irradians and heterosis for yield traits at harvest

In order to improve the yield of bay scallop Argopecten irradians by exploiting geographic subspecies heterosis, crosses between and within two subspecies, the northern A. i. irradians (Lamarck) and the southern A. i. concentricus (Say), were created and the offspring were cultured under the same environmental conditions. The two parental populations were collected from Bohai Bay in northern China and Beibu Bay in southern China, which were distinct in particular shell colours. The results indicated that the shell colour of bay scallop was inheritable and could be used as a morphological mark to distinguish hybrid and purebred individuals. At harvest, hybrid offspring always produced a significantly higher yield than purebred offspring. Positive heterosis was achieved for shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight and adductor weight, which was 5.02, 5.22, 3.88, 7.53 and 9.47 respectively. Hybrid gain was 10.86% for shell length, 10.48% for shell height, 9.77% for shell width, 34.90% for total weight and 41.69% for adductor weight, respectively, and all were significantly >5%. The present study reveals that it is effective for improving yield by hybridization between different geographic subspecies in the bay scallop.     

Widening the gene pool of cultivated lentils through introgression of alien chromatin from wild Lens subspecies

Wild Lens species/subspecies are a potential source for increasing genetic diversity in cultivated lentil. Four intraspecific crosses were attempted between cultivated and wild lentils. Viable hybrids were produced between L. culinaris ssp. culinaris × L. culinaris ssp. orientalis and L. culinaris ssp. culinaris × L. culinaris ssp. odomensis. Normal meiosis and pollen fertility were observed in the first set of crosses, whereas chromosomal abnormalities and reduced pollen fertility were observed in the second set of crosses. These crosses were also studied for some quantitative traits. The range, mean and coefficient of variation were calculated in parents, F₁, F₂ and BC₁ generations to determine the extent of variability generated in the cultivated lentil through introgression of genes from wild lentil. The cultivated lentil × L. culinaris ssp. orientalis crosses showed substantially higher variability for all the traits than crosses involving cultivated lentil ×L. culinaris ssp. odomensis. The results of the present study indicated that these wild subspecies can be exploited for breeding purposes and their variation can easily be utilized to widen the genetic base of the cultivated lentil.     

鸡毒支原体灭活疫苗效力检验气囊注射攻毒方法的研究

鸡毒支原体灭活疫苗效力检验采用的喷雾攻毒方法所需菌液量大,结果易受喷雾时间和器械设备影响。为了探索一种简便、易行且结果稳定的新方法,本研究冻干了一批攻毒用菌株鸡毒支原体R株,对其性状、纯粹、真空度、剩余水分、培养特性、特异性、活菌计数和均一性等进行检定,结果全部符合规定。将其稀释成不同活菌数,采用气囊注射方式攻毒,观察试验结果并与《中国兽药典(三部)》中的喷雾方法进行比较。结果表明,建立的气囊注射攻毒法稳定、准确,通过5批次疫苗效力检验试验比较,与喷雾方法结果无显著差异,可为该类疫苗攻毒方法优化提供新思路。     

山羊支原体性肺炎流行病学调查

山羊支原体性肺炎是威胁山羊养殖的重要传染病,为了解其流行情况,对四川省主要山羊养殖地区的山羊支原体性肺炎进行了流行病学调查。从四川省7个地区山羊养殖场采集肺脏和鼻腔棉拭子样本共135份,经过分离鉴定得到42株支原体,其中绵羊肺炎支原体36株,丝状支原体6株;其中6个羊场仅分离到绵羊肺炎支原体,1个羊场同时分离到绵羊肺炎支原体和丝状支原体。本试验结果表明,绵羊肺炎支原体是引起四川省山羊支原体性肺炎的主要病原,个别地方存在绵羊肺炎支原体和丝状支原体混合感染。     

湖北锈色粒肩天牛一新亚种记述：鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科

记述了一采自湖北钟祥的锈色粒肩天牛新亚种－－客店粒肩天牛Ａｐｒｉｏｎａ ｓｗａｉｎｓｏｎｉ ｋｅｄｉａｎａ ｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新亚种模式标本暂存于湖北农学院昆虫标本室。     

白虎汤对鸡毒支原体体外抑制作用及其超微结构的影响

目的:观察鸡毒支原体(MGPG31)形态和超微结构变化,探讨白虎汤体外对MGPG31抑制作用的机理。方法:(1)用二倍稀释法测定白虎汤对MGPG31的MIC;(2)在MIC(0.094g/ml)和亚MIC(0.0235g/ml)的条件下取白虎汤与鸡毒支原体培养48h后的样品,通过透射电镜观察支原体的形态和超微结构变化。结果:白虎汤对鸡毒支原体的MIC1和MIC2分别为0.047g/ml和0.094g/ml。白虎汤主要作用于繁殖期支原体,影响细胞膜通透性和形态而起到抑制作用。     

氟哌酸、环丙氟哌酸、泰妙灵治疗鸡败血霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染的疗效比较

本研究对氟哌酸、环丙氟哌酸、泰妙灵作了体外抑菌试验与人工发病治疗试验。结果表明，环丙氟哌酸对鸡败血霉形体的体外抑菌强度为氟哌酸、泰妙灵的８倍，对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌强度分别为氟哌酸、泰妙灵的４倍、８倍。在人工发病治疗试验中，环丙氟哌酸（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对鸡败血霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染的疗效与泰妙灵（２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）相当，明显优于氟哌酸（１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ），显示出广阔的临床推广应用前景。     

中国春蜓新种新记录种(蜻蜓目:春蜓科)

本文记述中国春蜒科6新种,1新亚种和1中国新记录种,各种均有特征图,并与近似种作了比较。模式标本保存在浙江自然博物馆昆虫标本室。