利用超级集群分离分析法鉴别大豆增变基因

【目的】利用大豆基因组Wm82.a2.v1及HapMap数据来鉴别大豆中可能存在的增变基因。【方法】将大豆HapMap数据(包含19 652份大豆种质在52 041个位点上的分型结果)预处理后,利用改进的超级集群分离分析法,选取滑动窗口大小、步长及阈值大小为参数,对预处理后的大豆种质数据进行分析,测算大豆点突变比率及突变热点区数目,并将点突变比率及突变热点区数目与分子标记进行关联性分析,从强关联区内挖掘候选增变基因,用大豆基因组Wm82.a2.v1对其功能进行初步推测。【结果】大豆HapMap数据预处理后,15 391份大豆种质点突变比率为0.089~0.531,平均变异率为0.261;突变热点区数目为5~1 324个,平均每份种质包含347.8个突变热点区。超级集群分离分析结果表明,Gm16上的29 153 474-30 604 603bp和Gm17上的12 133 293-12 147 725bp片段为与点突变比率和突变热点区数目2个表型同时存在强关联的区域;其中Gm16上的Glyma16g26440.1和Gm17上的Glyma17g15420.1同属于nudix水解酶基因家族,推测其与基因组突变有关。【结论】Glyma16g26440.1和Glyma17g15420.1 2个nudix水解酶基因家族成员都与点突变比率和突变热点区数目存在强关联,可作为大豆基因组候选增变基因。     

Occurrence of weak mutators among avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates causing salpingitis and peritonitis in broiler breeders

A collection of 46 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates was examined for the presence of mutators by determining the rate of mutation to rifampicin resistance. The collection included 34 E. coli isolates obtained in pure culture from chronic lesions of salpingitis and peritonitis in 34 broiler breeders, of which 12 were associated with the development of secondary septicemia. Twelve additional isolates were obtained from a clonal outbreak (ST95) of E. coli peritonitis syndrome (EPS), the lesions of which changed gradually over time into a subacute/chronic form. The hypothesis of the present study was that mutation rates would be higher for chronic infection isolates than for isolates from acute infections/exacerbations. The distribution of mutation rates followed a pattern similar to that found for other clinical isolates of E. coli, with a modal/median value of 1.47 × 10⁻⁸. Of the 46 isolates, 24% (n = 11) were weakly hypermutable (2.00 × 10⁻⁸ ≤ μ < 2.00 × 10⁻⁷), however, no strong mutators were detected (μ ≥ 2.00 × 10⁻⁷). Chronic salpingitis isolates had the highest proportion (45%, P = 0.001) of weak mutators and also, significantly higher mutation rates (P = 0.003) compared to isolates that caused septicemia (4%). In addition, mutation rates were significantly lower among ST95 isolates (P < 0.0005), and among isolates from the same clonal group as ST95 (P = 0.027), when compared to isolates from other groups. Although a clear association with the time phase of infection (as lesions of EPS became more chronic) could not be observed (ρ = 0.523, P = 0.081), a higher frequency of weak mutators among chronic infection isolates suggests that increased mutation rates play a role in adaptation of APEC to long-term persistence in an infected host environment.