不同种植密度对3个小豆品种植株形态及产量的影响

采用两因素随机区组设计,以直立型小豆品种冀红20、冀红21和唐红201602为材料,分析6个种植密度对不同小豆品种植株形态特征及产量性状的影响。结果表明,品种和种植密度对小豆形态特征和产量性状的影响较大;底荚高度和第一节间长随着密度的增加而增加,主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株结荚数、单荚粒数和百粒重随着种植密度的增加而减小,产量随种植密度的增加呈先增加后减少趋势;相同品种不同种植密度间和相同种植密度不同品种间的产量差异极显著（F值分别为49.36、99.35）,品种与种植密度互作对产量的影响差异显著（F=3.91）。种植密度与株高、底荚高度呈极显著正相关,与第一节间长呈正相关,与茎粗、主茎分枝数和主茎节数呈极显著负相关。增加种植密度可增加小豆株高、底荚高度和第一节间长,有效减少主茎分枝数,有利于机械化收获。     

我国绿豆、小豆生产特征及产业发展趋势

在农业供给侧结构性改革的背景下,绿豆、小豆等食用豆产业迎来新的机遇并得到快速发展。研究发现,中国绿豆和小豆生产呈现恢复性增长的趋势,区域布局发生小幅变化;出口量波动中平稳,进口量较为稳定。预计未来中国绿豆和小豆需求量将持续增加,产品附加值不断提高,但市场风险也随之不断增强,科研支撑短期内无法满足产业发展需求。建议建立规模化、标准化绿豆和小豆生产基地,完善绿豆和小豆产业财政支持政策,加大科研投入,完善信息网络建设,实现绿豆和小豆产业的健康可持续发展。     

投喂蚕豆对草鱼免疫器官超微结构和免疫基因表达的影响

为研究草鱼摄食蚕豆后免疫功能变化及转投30 d人工饲料后免疫增强效果,在草鱼摄食蚕豆30、60、90、120及150 d(转投饲料30 d)时,检测肠道、头肾、肝脏等器官超微结构及C-type lysozyme、IFN-I、TNF-α等免疫基因表达变化。结果表明:1)饲喂单一饲料蚕豆的草鱼,其肠道、头肾、肝脏等3个重要免疫器官受到严重损伤,转投饲料30 d后其病变并未显著好转;2)免疫基因C-type lysozyme、IFN-I、TNF-α、IgM和MHC-I的表达在30～120 d均被抑制,转投饲料30 d后,头肾中C-type lysozyme、IL-1β、IFN-I、IgM、MHC-I以及肝脏中IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-I、IgM、MHC-I的表达量有所增加。综上,草鱼摄食蚕豆后其免疫功能受到显著抑制,而转投30 d饲料对脆肉鲩的免疫机能具有一定的恢复作用。     

褪黑素诱导小豆抗锈病机理的初步研究

为明确外源褪黑素诱导小豆抗锈性的作用及机理,以感病小豆品种‘宝清红’为材料,采用叶面喷施不同浓度褪黑素激发处理小豆真叶,而后对真叶挑战接种锈菌夏孢子,结果表明,低浓度(11.61 mg/L)褪黑素可显著提升小豆对锈病的抗性。夏孢子萌发试验表明,褪黑素对夏孢子萌发及芽管生长无显著抑制作用,表明褪黑素无抑菌活性。进一步的基因表达分析发现,与对照相比,褪黑素激发诱导了水杨酸(SA)通路关键基因NPR1于接种后24 h显著上调表达,且病程相关蛋白PR1、几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)及PR5均于接种后24～120 h被显著诱导表达,说明褪黑素可能通过诱导NPR1表达,进而激活下游PR蛋白的高水平应答,使感锈病小豆品种获得对锈病的抗性。     

覆膜和密度对红小豆产量及水分利用效率的影响

在大田试验条件下,以‘晋红小豆5号’为试验材料,研究在覆膜和裸地栽培条件下不同种植密度对红小豆株高、产量、耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与裸地相比,覆膜种植显著提高红小豆的株高、产量和水分利用效率;在2种种植模式下,随着密度的增加,小豆产量和水分利用效率均呈增加趋势,且水分利用效率随密度的变化与产量变化基本一致,而覆膜种植的小豆株高无显著差异,裸地种植的小豆株高到中后期具有随着密度增加而降低的趋势。分析表明,在丰水气候年型下,在山西北部使得产量与水分利用效率达到最优的覆膜和裸地种植的密度分别为20.0万株/hm~2和13.3万株/hm~2。     

Relationships of spectral traits with yield and nutritional quality of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in dry seasons

Four snap bean varieties (green and yellow-podded) were grown in three water supplies (regularly irrigated, deficit-irrigated and non-irrigated) in order to examine the spectral reflectance at leaf and canopy levels, leaf area index (LAI) and their relationships with the yield and nutritional quality at the University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary from 2011 to 2013. Under non-irrigated condition, the plant height decreased, SPAD values were high but LAI and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were low. The difference in SPAD values was higher between the varieties during flowering under non-irrigated condition and it was more pronounced during pod development using deficit irrigation. In dry years, non-irrigated condition SPAD did not correlate with the yield but during pod development it was correlated with the dry matter content of the pods. The relationship of SPAD with protein and crude fiber content of pods was strongly dependent on the cropping years. Under deficit-irrigated condition, NDVI measured during flowering and pod development correlated closely with the yield where a higher NDVI (0.85) predicted either 6 or 9.5 t ha^?1 of yield depending on the variety. Under this condition Serengeti variety with green pods was prominent based on the studied traits among the varieties.     

蓝光连续光照对大豆芽苗菜类黄酮合成的影响

以黑暗培养(D)为对照,阐明了蓝光(B)连续光照对大豆(Glycine max L.Merr.)芽苗菜品种东农690生长和类黄酮合成的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,蓝光连续光照36 h显著提高了大豆芽苗菜子叶中山奈酚(kaempferol)和黄豆苷元(daidzein)的含量,同时子叶中蓝光光受体基因CRY1、CRY2,类黄酮合成相关基因IFS的表达量也显著提高。处理组中,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中黄豆苷(daidzin)含量逐渐增加,黄豆苷元(daidzein)、染料木素(genistein)、染料木苷(genistin)和山奈酚(kaempferol)的含量先升高后下降,但在36 h时均显著高于黑暗处理。在蓝光光照6和24 h时,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)与查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性与对照组相比均显著提高。类黄酮合成途径相关基因PAL、CHS、ANS、IFS的表达量在蓝光处理下均是先升高后下降,而蓝光光受体基因CRY1与CRY2的表达量随着光照时间延长逐渐升高。     

Substitution of fish meal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile marbled spinefoot,Siganus rivulatus

The present work was performed to assess whether soybean meal (SBM) could replace fish meal (FM) as a source of dietary protein in diets of the marine herbivore Siganus rivulatus. Five iso-nitrogenous (40% protein) and iso-energetic (14 MJ/Kg) diets were prepared with SBM replacing fish meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% dietary protein. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted with 240 juvenile S. rivulatus (initial body mass 1.74 ± 0.03 g). Survival, growth, feed, and protein efficiency and hematological parameters were assessed. Growth correlated negatively with increase in dietary SBM. All production parameters measured were negatively affected at all levels of SBM inclusion. There were no effects on total or differential blood counts, hemoglobin, or plasma protein, but hematocrit values were negatively correlated with SBM addition. Results suggest that total replacement of FM by SBM without adding other supplements is not recommended, even for an herbivorous marine fish such as S. rivulatus.     

响应面优化黑豆总黄酮微波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化性能评价

为优化微波提取黑豆总黄酮化合物的工艺,并对其抗氧化性进行初步研究,在单因素试验的基础上,选取液料比、乙醇体积分数和微波功率为自变量,总黄酮得率为响应值的三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。结果表明:提取工艺的最佳条件为功率600 W、液料比40∶1、乙醇体积分数60%,在此条件下,总黄酮得率达到22.1 mg·g~(-1)。抑制油脂过氧化作用的研究结果表明黑豆黄酮是一种天然的抗氧化剂。     

外源ABA对低温胁迫下小豆幼苗生理及产量的影响

在盆栽条件下，以耐冷性不同的2个小豆(Vigna angularis）品种龙小豆4号（耐冷型）和天津红（冷敏型）为材料，于苗期在人工气候室进行低温（4℃，持续12 h）及预喷施外源脱落酸（abscisic acid，ABA）处理，旨在研究苗期低温胁迫下外源ABA对小豆叶片逆境生理指标（H₂2O₂2、丙二醛（MDA）、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性物质）和产量因子的调控效应。结果表明：幼苗期低温处理12 h后，龙小豆4号和天津红小豆叶片H₂2O₂2含量分别提高34.82%和27.10%；MDA含量分别提高65.56%和83.79%；SOD和POD活性分别提高6.67%和18.48%、45.53%和102.44%；脯氨酸含量分别提高33.12%和24.41%。低温处理导致龙小豆4号百粒重下降2.58%，与喷施清水相比，低温处理12 h后天津红的单株荚数和百粒重分别下降18.55%和10.61%(P＜0.05）。喷施外源ABA具有抵御低温的作用，外源ABA促进龙小豆4号和天津红叶片脯氨酸含量提高9.13%和19.76%；H₂2O₂2含量降低7.63%和8.36%；MDA含量降低10.18%和20.27%；SOD和POD活性分别提高9.06%和13.57%、8.26%和28.51%，同时百粒重分别提高8.56%和8.92%。低温胁迫下，不同品种小豆的生理应激存在显著差异；喷施外源ABA能够有效缓解低温胁迫对小豆的伤害。