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排序方式: 共有266条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mud spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793), were reared at four different stocking sizes and stocking densities in open sea cages to evaluate their effects on growth performance. To evaluate the effect of stocking size on the growth performance, the lobsters were segregated into four different treatment groups according to size and were stocked at a density of 300 animals per cage. To evaluate the effect of stocking density on the growth performance, lobsters of 81–100 g were stocked in four different stocking densities, i.e. 16/m2, 24/m2, 32/m2 and 40/m2. The results showed that the growth rate of (60–80 g) size group, was significantly higher compared to the size groups, i.e. 101–120 g and 121–140 g comprising of larger individuals. The final body weight, though significantly higher in 81–100 g as compared to 60–80 g, the growth performance (i.e. weight gain percentage (WG %) and specific growth rate (SGR)) were not significantly different. The density‐dependent influence on growth performance was evident in this study. The WG % and SGR during 90 days’ culture period was significantly higher in 24/m2 compared to other groups. This study provides crucial information about the appropriate stocking density and stocking size of lobsters at the field level, which would help to promote sustainable lobster cage farming by maximizing the production potential of the system.  相似文献   
2.
针对现阶段水稻秧盘育秧技术中制匀泥浆效率低下的问题,采用正交设计方法、计算流体动力学数值模拟和试验分析,对不同参数刀片在水田中匀浆作业时的匀浆效果和功率损耗进行研究。结果表明:1)单刀切削幅宽为影响泥浆运动速度和功率损耗的最大因素,折弯角影响不明显;2)当刀片滑切角为50°,折弯角为115°,单刀切削幅宽为60 mm时,刀片匀浆效果好;当滑切角为30°,折弯角为135°,单刀切削幅宽为20 mm时,功率损耗小;3)刀片中心面处和刀片折弯侧0.1 m处刀片打匀泥浆效果良好;4)功率损耗仿真值与试验值平均相对误差为12.16%,在可接受范围内。  相似文献   
3.
底泥疏浚是解决水体富营养化的重要举措之一,如何有效处理疏浚底泥已经成为亟待解决的难题。土地利用是有效吸纳疏浚底泥的方法之一,但却存在营养元素尤其是磷元素容易流失的问题。以铝业矿渣赤泥和煤燃烧副产物粉煤灰为原料,将其用于疏浚底泥中磷的固稳,考察了疏浚底泥的性质、固稳剂对疏浚底泥pH的影响、固稳时间以及固稳剂添加量对磷浸出量的影响。结果表明:疏浚底泥的pH随着固稳剂添加量的增加而升高,磷的浸出量随着固稳时间的延长而降低;对于掺混赤泥的疏浚底泥,磷的浸出量随着赤泥添加量的增加而增加,而对于掺混粉煤灰或赤泥与粉煤灰等量混合的疏浚底泥,磷的浸出量随着固稳剂添加量的增加而降低。粉煤灰或赤泥与粉煤灰等量混合作为固稳剂均能够有效固稳疏浚底泥中的磷。  相似文献   
4.
Starvation and exposure to formalin were investigated as possible stress tests for evaluating the quality of mud crab, Scylla serrata, larvae. For the starvation stress test, newly hatched zoeae stocked in 150‐ml containers were either starved or fed rotifers. Similarly, newly hatched zoeae were stocked in containers with seawater of 0 (control), 20, 30 and 40 mg/L formalin for the formalin stress test. The zoeae from the same batches were used for seed production to monitor their performance and validate the results of stress tests. Starvation was found to be unsuitable for larval quality evaluation. However, the impact of initial food deprivation on the newly hatched larvae indicates that feeding immediately after hatching is necessary for mud crab larvae. Exposure of larvae to 40 mg/L formalin for 3 hr appeared to be a reliable and practical method for larval quality assessment as the survival of larvae in the mass production tanks validated the classification of good and poor quality batches in the stress tests. On this basis, a hatchery operator can decide which batch should be cultured further. Finally, there appears to be a link between the quality of larvae and the performance at the megalopa and early juvenile crabs.  相似文献   
5.
Mass mortality due to necrosis signs occurred in hatchery-reared zoea stage larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata in Okinawa, Japan, and a causative bacterium was isolated. In this study, we identified and characterized the bacterium by genome analysis, biochemical properties and pathogenicity. The bacterium was a Gram-negative, non-motile, long rod, forming yellow colonies on a marine agar plate. It grew at 20–33°C (not at 37°C) and degraded chitin and gelatin. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium as Aquimarina hainanensis. Genome sequence data obtained from Illumina MiSeq generated 29 contigs with 3.56 Mbp in total length and a G + C content of 32.5%. The predicted 16 chitinase genes, as putative virulence factors, had certain homologies with those of genus Aquimarina. Experimental infection with the bacterium conducted on larvae of four crustacean species, brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, freshwater shrimp Caridina multidentata, swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and mud crab S. serrata, revealed that this bacterium was highly virulent to these species. The present study suggests that the bacterium caused mass mortality in mud crab seed production was A. hainanensis and can be widely pathogenic to crustaceans.  相似文献   
6.
对硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥两种化工废渣的磷吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明:用Langmuir方程能很好地拟合300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥和500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥硝酸镁泥对磷的等温吸附。300℃、500℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥的磷最大吸附量分别为37.45、32.36、35.59、28.82mg/g ,表面吸附强度因子分别为1.5615、0.2946、0.2948、0.2882mL/g ,最大缓冲能力分别为58.48、9.53、10.49、8.31mL/g。对磷的吸附效果最好的是300℃焙烧后的硝酸钙泥。300℃、500℃焙烧后硝酸钙泥、硝酸镁泥对磷的去除率达到83%~99%左右。去除率最好的是300℃的硝酸钙泥。  相似文献   
7.
研究采用酶解法从葡萄酒泥中提取白藜芦醇,探索其最佳提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,以酶浓度、酶解温度、酶解时间为因素进行正交试验。结果表明:酶浓度、酶解时间对白藜芦醇的提取效果有显著影响,最佳提取工艺条件为p H值4.0,酶浓度1.5mg/g,酶解温度40℃,酶解时间75min,在此条件下白藜芦醇提取量为80.2μg/g。  相似文献   
8.
碳酸法滤泥和木薯渣堆肥发酵的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了碳酸法滤泥和木薯渣的配比、C/N、水分含量、发酵剂的添加量等4个影响因素对碳酸法滤泥和木薯渣堆肥发酵的影响。确定最佳的初始工艺参数为:碳酸法滤泥和木薯渣干重比为2 ∶ 1,C/N为30,水分含量为60%~65%,发酵剂的添加量为2%,并选取KH2PO4作为氮素的保留剂,探索其添加量对堆肥的影响,确定合适的添加量为0.18%。  相似文献   
9.
Soft‐shell crab, a newly moulted crab having non‐calcified and hydrated soft exoskeleton, farming has been increasing tremendously in recent years throughout the world due to its high market price and consumer preferences. However, high aggressiveness and cannibalistic behaviour of mud crab limit its culture to an individual chamber system which ultimately makes the soft‐shell mud crab farming space and labour‐intensive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of soft‐shell crab production by autotomy of the claw and/or walking legs to reduce the moulting duration and intensify the culture system through double stocking in the existing individual chamber culture system. To achieve our objectives, a series of experiment were conducted at both indoor and on‐farm levels by removing the claw and/or walking legs of Scylla olivacea for two consecutive moulting cycles. Results showed that both claw ablation significantly (p < .01) shortened the moulting duration and increased the carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameter compared to the non‐ablated crabs more prominently at 1st moulting than the 2nd moulting in both indoor and on‐farm trials. Ablation of all walking legs while keeping the claw intact did not significantly influence (p > .05) the moulting duration and carapace width, but significantly (p < .01) improved the specific growth rate, weight gain, feeding efficiency and yield parameters at 1st moulting compared to the non‐ablation and unilateral three walking leg ablation groups. However, ablation of all appendages (both claw and walking legs) showed significant (p < .01) improvements of carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameters, and shortened the moulting duration up to 23 days from 34 days during 1st moulting and up to 27 days from 40 days at 2nd moulting. The survivals of different autotomized mud crabs were statistically non‐significant (p > .05) to the non‐autotomized crabs in various indoor and on‐farm trials. Besides improving the production performances, ablation of bilateral claw and all appendages allowed to double the stocking density in the existing individual chamber‐based soft‐shell crab farming that enhanced the production about threefold higher than the existing individual chamber‐based culture system. Finally, our results suggest that autotomy could be a promising technology for the commercial farming of soft‐shell mud crab in near future.  相似文献   
10.
[目的]探索五大连池火山泥生态,并为其演变规律提供数据支撑。[方法]以五大连池新生代火山泥为研究对象,利用改良熏蒸浸提法测定火山泥微生物碳、氮;利用化学滴定和比色法测定火山泥酶活性各指标,利用国标规定的土壤指标检测方法测定火山泥养分各指标。[结果]微生物量碳、氮分别以药泉山、火烧山火山泥带最高,5条泥带碳氮比均在10.00~13.00。过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶含量分别以莫拉布山、火烧山、龙门山、火烧山、药泉山火山泥带最高,在研究区内,纤维素酶所占比重最大,脲酶最小,总酶含量以药泉山泥带最高。5条泥带全氮、全磷及全钾含量相对较均衡,分别在1.00~2.50、0.20~0.70、19.20~23.50 mg/g,分别以火烧山、龙门山、火烧山最高,有机质以火烧山含量最高。各有机成分间均呈现不同程度的相关性。[结论]药泉山和火烧山火山泥带各有机成分积累能力较强,矿化度较高。相关性分析表明,转化酶对环境变化的响应更为敏感。  相似文献   
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