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1.
Imprinted genes display biased expression of paternal and maternal alleles in mammals. They are marked through epigenetic process during gametogenesis. Characterization of imprinted genes has expanded our understanding of the regulation and function of genes. In the current study, 22 experimentally validated imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) were analysed. Several supervised machine learning algorithms and attribute weighting methods were used to find characteristics of different types of imprinted genes and suggest a classification method for finding maternally and paternally expressed genes in bovine. For assessing the best model and comparing attributes in other organisms, we have also conducted a comparative analysis for human and sheep imprinted genes. According to the results of the present study, GC contents 10 and 100 kb upstream, Gly and Gln amino acids, Ile/ATC codon usage, LINE and SINE in 100kbup and length of first intron were significantly different between the maternal and paternal genes in cattle. Considering all species together, we found that GC content 100 kb up, LINE 100 kb up and the frequency of amino acids like Gly, Gln and Met were the most important attributes for identifying the paternal and maternal imprinted genes. These findings could imply conservation pattern in the attributes among these species.  相似文献   
2.
Variances caused by the differential expression of paternally and maternally imprinted genes controlling carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle were estimated in this study. Data on marbling score (BMS), carcass weight, rib thickness, rib‐eye area (REA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were collected from a total of 13,115 feedlot steers and heifers in a commercial population. A sire–maternal grandsire model was used to analyse the data, and then, imprinting parameters were derived by replacing the genetic effect of the dam with the effect of the maternal grandsire in the imprinting model to calculate the genetic parameter estimates. The proportions of the total genetic variance attributable to imprinted genes ranged from 8.7% (SFT) to 35.2% (BMS). The remarkably large imprinting variance of BMS was mainly contributed by maternally expressed inheritance because the maternal contribution of the trait was much larger than that of the paternal trait. The parent‐of‐origin effect originating from maternal gene expression was also observed for REA. The results suggested the existence of genomic imprinting effects on the traits of the Japanese Black cattle. Hence, the parent‐of‐origin effect should be considered for the genetic evaluation of Japanese Black cattle in breeding programmes.  相似文献   
3.
分子印迹聚合物具有构效预定性、特定识别性、化学稳定性和广泛适用性等优点,近年来在食品检验、化学分析、药物分离和检测等领域得到了广泛应用。该文系统介绍了氯霉素分子印迹聚合物的合成方法以及在食品检测中的应用。  相似文献   
4.
采用分子印迹技术合成四环素类分子印迹聚合物,以其为填料制备固相萃取柱,运用高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中的四环素类抗生素。具体地,以盐酸强力霉素为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法在丙酮-乙腈混合溶液中制备具有特异性吸附能力的分子印迹聚合物,通过高效液相色谱仪检测其吸附四环素类抗生素的能力,并将其作为填料制备固相萃取柱,用于牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留检测。结果显示,四环素类抗生素在0.05~10.0 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,加标回收率为79.4%~86.3%,相对标准偏差均小于3.8%,准确性较好。四环素和土霉素的检出限为0.02 μg·mL-1,金霉素的检出限为0.05 μg·mL-1,检测灵敏度高,特异性识别能力强。  相似文献   
5.
建立了一种高效、选择性强的分子印迹-基质固相分散萃取结合高效液相色谱测定土壤中4种硫代磷酸酯类农药(毒死蜱、甲基立枯磷、甲基毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷)残留量的方法;并以甲基立枯磷为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,且n(模板分子)∶n(功能单体)=1∶4,以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用沉淀印迹聚合方法,合成了甲基立枯磷高分子印迹聚合微球(MIPs);以MIPs作为土壤样品提取液的基质固相分散吸附剂,采用HPLC检测处理后的样品,流动相为V(乙睛)∶V(0.1%乙酸水溶液)=3∶1,流速0.8 m L/min,进样量20μL,检测波长210 nm,采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温25℃。结果显示:MIPs对甲基立枯磷有特异性吸附,对其结构相似物毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷和甲基毒死蜱也具有一定的吸附性能;在0.01~5.0 mg/kg范围内,各药剂的质量浓度与相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.997 5~0.999 8;4种硫代磷酸酯类有机磷杀虫剂的检出限(LOD)为0.452~1.226μg/kg;添加回收率为76%~96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~7.3%。该方法可用于土壤中硫代磷酸酯类有机磷杀虫剂残留量的测定。  相似文献   
6.
[目的]制备铅离子印迹和非印迹磁性材料,研究两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除行为,考察两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附选择性,探索其脱附和循环利用性.[方法]采用透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱和能量色散谱等方法对两种材料的形貌和结构进行表征;采用静态吸附法,以原子吸收为检测手段,探讨了pH值、反应时间及Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附能力的影响;采用Langmuir等温吸附模型和Ho准二级动力学方程对其进行热力学和动力学模拟研究;以Cd(Ⅱ)为竞争离子,研究两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附选择性;以硝酸为脱附试剂,考察其脱附和循环利用性.[结果]1)与Fe3O4 10 nm的粒径相比,铅离子印迹磁性材料粒径增至80~90 nm;两种材料红外光谱图中557 cm-1处出现强吸收峰,证实Fe-O键存在,2 940 cm-1和1 084 cm-1处的吸收峰证实C-H和Si-O键存在;X射线衍射光谱图显示,它们都具有Fe3O4晶型及SiO2壳层;能量色散谱结果显示,它们主要构成元素为C、O、Si、S和Fe,说明Fe3O4磁核已被SiO2包覆,且巯基已成功键合至两种材料的表面.2)在低酸度时Pb(Ⅱ)基本不被两种材料吸附;当pH值从3增至7时,吸附率不断增大并达到最大,且非印迹材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附率低于印迹材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附率.3)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量随时间的增加而升高,最后达到平衡吸附.4)随着溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度的增加,铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量先是急剧上升,然后达到饱和吸附.5)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和热力学分别符合准二级吸附模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型.6)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ)选择吸附系数K为29.75,对Pb(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ)的相对选择系数是非印迹磁性材料的5.86倍,说明该材料对Pb(Ⅱ)具有良好的吸附选择性.7)研究了HNO3对保留在铅印迹磁性材料上Pb(Ⅱ)的脱附影响,结果显示0.5 mol·L-1 HNO3可定量脱附Pb(Ⅱ),且材料可重复使用5次而脱附率无变化.[结论]在pH 7、反应时间为60 min及Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为10 mg·L-1时铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量可达38 mg·g-1,可有效去除水中Pb(Ⅱ);该材料对Pb(Ⅱ)具有一定的选择性且具有很好的再生性.  相似文献   
7.
17β-雌二醇MIPs薄膜的制备及表征的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别利用分子印迹技术(MIT)与固相微萃取、石英晶体微天平(QCM)联用技术探索聚合液在介质表面合成分子印迹聚合膜的方法,并对其识别特性进行表征.结果显示:对固相微萃取头分子印迹聚合膜以TFMAA为功能单体,TRIM为交联剂聚合得到的分子印迹聚合物薄膜对17β-雌二醇具有一定的识别能力和耐热效果.以20mmol/L T...  相似文献   
8.
To assess the performance of boars derived by somatic cell cloning, we analyzed various aspects of their reproductive characteristics and the expression of two imprinted genes. Cloned boars (cloned Duroc × Jinhua) were analyzed for birth weight, growth rate, age at first ejaculation, semen characteristics and fertility, in comparison with naturally bred control boars of the same strain. The expression of imprinted genes was analyzed using the microsatellite marker SWC9 for the paternally expressed gene insulin‐like growth factor ‐2 (IGF2) and with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the gene maternally expressed 3 (MEG3). The cloned boars had high production of semen and were nearly equal in level of fertility to conventional pigs; they showed similar characteristics as naturally bred boars of the same strains. The expression of IGF2 was partially disturbed, but this disturbed expression was not linked to a change in developmental fate or reproductive performance. These results indicate that use of cloned boars could be highly effective for proliferation of pigs with desirable characteristics, preservation of genetic resources and risk reduction against epidemic diseases, such as foot‐and‐mouth disease, through storage of somatic cells as a precautionary measure for use in regenerating pig populations after a future pandemic.  相似文献   
9.
Epigenetic abnormalities in cloned animals are caused by incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus during the nuclear transfer step (first reprogramming). However, during the second reprogramming step that occurs only in the germline cells, epigenetic errors not corrected during the first step are repaired. Consequently, epigenetic abnormalities in the somatic cells of cloned animals should be erased in their spermatozoa or oocytes. This is supported by the fact that offspring from cloned animals do not exhibit defects at birth or during postnatal development. To test this hypothesis in cloned cattle, we compared the DNA methylation level of two imprinted genes (H19 and PEG3) and three non‐imprinted genes (XIST, OCT4 and NANOG) and two repetitive elements (Satellite I and Satellite II) in blood and sperm DNAs from cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We found no differences between cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We also analyzed the DNA methylation levels of four repetitive elements (Satellite I, Satellite II, Alpha‐satellite and Art2) in oocytes recovered from cloned and non‐cloned cows. Again, no significant differences were observed between clones and non‐clones. These results suggested that imprinted and non‐imprinted genes and repetitive elements were properly reprogramed during gametogenesis in cloned cattle; therefore, they contributed to the soundness of cloned cattle offspring.  相似文献   
10.
3种内吸农药分子印迹聚合物制备及初步应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】制备3种内吸性农药分子印迹聚合物及固相萃取柱,建立MISPE-LC-MS/MS方法。【方法】应用分子印迹技术制备分子印迹聚合物,通过研究模板分子、功能单体和交联剂的配比关系以及索氏萃取效率,分析该聚合物制备的影响因素;通过吸附试验分析该聚合物特异性;通过研究不同洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积等因素对该萃取柱的使用进行优化,最后通过对黄瓜样品添加回收率测定分析该方法的实用性。【结果】制备出了多目标物特异性分子印迹聚合物,其对嘧菌酯、噻虫啉和吡虫啉具有较高识别能力和快速吸附效果,以此聚合物作为吸附功能原料制备固相萃取柱,建立固相萃取与液质联用检测农药残留的方法。此方法应用在黄瓜的嘧菌酯、噻虫啉和吡虫啉残留检测上,添加回收率在88.5%94.6%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%2.9%之间。【结论】该分子印迹聚合物制备较容易,固相萃取柱前处理过程简单,以其为前处理核心与LC-MS/MS仪器建立的农药残留检测方法特异性较好、检测灵敏度较高,具有一定的实用性。  相似文献   
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