Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及在转基因大豆检测中的应用

利用热分解法和表面4-羧基苯硼酸修饰,制备了用于转基因大豆提取基因组DNA的纳米粒子。制备的纳米粒子分散性好,磁响应性高。对比磁性纳米粒子和植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取转基因大豆基因组DNA的提取效果,结果表明,磁性纳米粒子提取转基因大豆基因组DNA的浓度明显高于试剂盒,实时荧光PCR检测转基因大豆的Ct值低于植物基因组提取试剂盒。     

一种对固氮细菌感染植物进行显微观察的改良方法

介绍了一种对固氮细菌感染植物进行显微观察的改良方法--共聚焦激光扫描显微镜三通道扫描法.该方法与常规的光学显微镜观察、电子显微镜观察相比,具有操作简便、不需要繁琐的前处理、所用仪器少、有效可行等特点,而且在有些应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜双通道法观察固氮细菌对植物的感染效果不理想的情况下,可以采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜三通道扫描法观察.     

高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片品质的影响

文章研究了高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片的保鲜效果,通过罗非鱼片贮藏过程中肉汁渗出率、菌落总数、感官品质、色差值、总挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、脂质氧化（TBA）、p H等指标的变化情况,分析比较3.8 kV、1.8 kV、0 V高压静电下罗非鱼肉品质指标的变化。结果表明,高压静电场能够显著改善鱼肉的品质,贮藏至第30天,样品无异味,感官品质良好,可显著抑制肉汁渗出;可有效抑制微生物的生长和挥发性盐基氮的增加,在一定程度上抑制了鱼肉内脂肪氧化,具有较好的保鲜效果。总体上3.8 kV高压静电对鱼肉的保鲜效果优于1.8 kV高压静电,可延长肉片的保质期至30 d。 

     

绿茶抗大鼠肾间质纤维化作用的实验研究

采用"单肾切除加腺嘌呤灌胃法"建立大鼠慢性肾衰竭模型。治疗组予绿茶液灌胃治疗,对照组予尿毒清溶液灌胃治疗,连续治疗28天。取大鼠肾脏石蜡切片分别进行HE染色、PASM染色、Masson染色、Sirius Red染色、Mallory染色,光镜下观察大鼠肾组织5种染色的病理形态学改变,PASM染色、Masson染色、Sirius Red染色随机选择进行肾脏组织病理学图像分析。绿茶组在肾间质纤维化面积、肾小球系膜积分光密度值、肾间质中I、Ⅲ型胶原分布面积等方面的作用与模型组对比,P<0.05。说明绿茶能够减轻腺嘌呤对大鼠肾间质的病理损害,绿茶有抗肾间质纤维化的作用,并且能抑制I、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的增生,这可能是绿茶防治肾间质纤维化、延缓慢性肾衰竭发展进程的机制之一。     

Risk Assessment and Biosafety Studies of Transgenic Bt Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Transgenic crops having alien genes from different sources are getting popularity. A Rice （Oryza sativa L.） containing gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium, was assessed to study the potential risks of transgenic plants on environment. The crop was found resistant to target insect pests. Rice variety Basmati-370 transformed with two insecticidal genes, crylAc and cry2A, was grown under field conditions for several years. Data were collected at different stages of the plant growth. Fate of Cry protein in soil, effect of Bt protein on non-target insects, risks of vertical and horizontal gene flow were evaluated. No potential hazard was found at all levels. Bt protein was unstable and degraded significantly in soil within 30 days after harvesting the crop. No harmful effects were found on non-target insects （insects other than order lepidoptera）. Maximum gene flow of 0.02% was observed at close spacing and no evidence of horizontal gene transfer to Rhizobium spp. was found. In conclusion, the transgenic rice plants transformed with Bt genes have no harmful effects on the environment.     

转基因作物的生态环境安全性

转基因作物是一把“双刃剑”,既带来了巨大的经济效益,也给自然生态环境带来了一些不利影响。一是对非靶标生物的影响;二是基因逃逸问题;三是转基因作物生存优势的影响。但是,种植转基因作物可以减少农药对人畜的伤害,可以进行保护地耕作,可以利用转基因作物消除环境中的重金属等污染物。为此,必须对转基因作物的研究和利用采取一种系统的思维方式,对其过程要进行严格管理和监控。     

土壤富里酸对镉的吸附特征与影响因素的研究

采用改进的连续电位滴定法,研究了土壤富里酸对重金属镉吸附量的主要影响因素。结果表明：富里酸溶液的pH值升高,吸附量增加;富里酸浓度升高,吸附量降低;pH值升高、富里酸浓度增大,吸附率增大。吸附量和pH值之间的关系可用自然对数方程进行拟合．同时富里酸浓度越小、镉离子浓度越高,方程的斜率越大,说明吸附量的大小同时与二者密切相关。分别用Linear方程、Fruendlich方程和Langmiur方程对富里酸一镉的吸附等温线进行拟合,结果发现,pH值大于5．0时,上述方程拟合均较好;pH值小于5．0时,只能用Langmiur方程拟合。富里酸对镉的吸附系数随着pH值的升高而降低。     

基于网络药理学探究乌梅散加减方治疗猪传染性胃肠炎的作用机制

【目的】借助网络药理学手段探究乌梅散加减方治疗猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)的作用机制。【方法】利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、Swiss TargetPrediction获取乌梅散加减方的活性成分与作用靶点,应用公共比较毒理基因组学数据库(CTD)获取TGE的相关靶点,使用STRING数据库绘制乌梅散加减方与TGE交集靶点的蛋白互作(PPI)网络图,利用DAVID对交集靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,探究乌梅散加减方治疗TGE的作用机制。【结果】从乌梅散加减方中共筛选到槲皮素、山柰酚、芒柄花素等125种活性成分和JUN原癌基因(JUN)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、信号传导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)等58个作用靶点。GO功能富集分析显示,共得到生物过程138个条目,涉及免疫反应、血管内皮因子生成、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子对pri-miRNA转录的正调控等;细胞组分13个条目,涉及胞外区、细胞外空间、膜筏等;分子功能32个条目,涉及细胞因子活性、生长因子活性、白细胞介素2(IL2)受体活性等。KEGG通路富集分析显示,共得到135条信号通路,其中IL17信号通路、Th1...     

应用多重荧光PCR快速筛查作物中转基因成分研究

通过对我国批准进口的和获得农业转基因生物安全证书的转基因玉米转化体的序列分析发现,除DAS40278-9和BLVA430101外,CaMV35s启动子、NOS终止子、CrylAb/Ac基因和pat基因覆盖了 21种玉米转基因转化体.通过引物组合筛选、反应体系优化、灵敏度测试、适用性测试等实验,建立了基于4个通用筛选元件...