Incorporating forage grasses in riparian buffers for bioremediation of atrazine, isoxaflutole and nitrate in Missouri

Multi-species tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems have been recognized as one of the most cost-effective bioremediation approaches to alleviate nonpoint source agricultural pollution in heavily fertilized systems. However, highly concentrated herbicides in surface and subsurface water and shade cast by trees along the stream bank usually compromise the effectiveness of these systems. Greenhouse trials and field lysimeter studies were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), timothy (Phleum pratense), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ground covers to atrazine and Balance™ (isoxaflutole) plus their capacity to sequester and degrade these herbicides and their metabolites. Their ability to remove soil nitrate was also quantified. Concentrations of atrazine, Balance™ and their metabolites in the leachate, soil and plant samples were determined by solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid or gas chromatographic analyses. Distribution of the herbicides and metabolites in the system was calculated using a mass balance approach. Herbicide bioremediation capacity of each lysimeter treatment was determined by the ratio of metabolites to parent herbicide plus metabolites. Bioremediation of nitrate was quantified by comparing nitrate reduction rates in grass treatments to the bare ground control. Based on this herbicide tolerance, bioremediation data and shade tolerance determined in a previous study, it was established that switch grass, tall fescue and smooth bromegrass are good candidates for incorporation into tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems designed for the bioremediation of atrazine, Balance™ and nitrate.     

粒径对平菇栽培用玉米芯发酵料代谢物的影响

为了解玉米芯粒径对平菇栽培用发酵料中代谢物的影响,采用代谢组学技术分析添加不同粒径玉米芯的发酵料中微生物代谢物及其代谢通路.结果表明,添加小粒径玉米芯(D50=0.5 cm)和大粒径玉米芯(D50=1.5 cm)的发酵料中微生物代谢物差异显著.在正离子(POS)和负离子(NEG)模式下分别筛选得到464种和201种差异...     

木霉菌Td系列菌株代谢产物的室内抑菌谱研究

利用摇床液体发酵、氯仿萃取木霉菌的代谢产物,采用菌丝生长速度法测定了3个木霉菌菌株的发酵代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌、番茄枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、立枯丝核菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯胞病菌和花生网斑病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,3个木霉菌株代谢产物对7种病原真菌均具有抑制作用,且抑菌作用强度和抑菌谱存在一定的菌株特异性。木霉菌株Td10的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用最强,Td31的代谢产物对苹果轮纹病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑制作用最强,而Td100的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用较强;3个木霉菌株的代谢产物对花生网斑病菌抑制作用均较弱。     

大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡生产性能、氮代谢和小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的影响

为了观察不同梯度大豆抗营养因子（Ａｎｔｉｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ、简称ＡＮＦｓ）对不同生理阶段的生长蛋鸡的影响,本试验采用４８０只海兰褐蛋用雏鸡,以熟豆饼日粮为对照,从３或９周开始给饲３个水平的生大豆日粮（４％,９％和１３％）,每期每个日粮４个重复。在３～８周和９～１８周观察雏鸡的采食量,日增重和饲料效率。在第８和１７周分别测定各组的粗蛋白质和干物质的代谢率。并于８、１３和１８周末每个重复随机抽取试鸡两只屠宰,观察小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的变化。结果表明,３个水平的大豆ＡＮＦｓ对育雏期雏鸡的增重没有影响,育成期对照组的增重明显高于采食生大豆组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,大豆ＡＮＦｓ使饲料效率降低,但对氮和干物质的代谢影响不显著;８、１３和１８周龄雏鸡小肠内胰蛋白酶活性亦无显著变化。     

白皮和江屯青皮佛手瓜嫩梢的代谢组比较分析

【目的】挖掘影响龙须菜品质和口感的代谢物质,对白皮和江屯青皮两种佛手瓜嫩梢进行代谢组分析。【方法】采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）技术,对白皮和江屯青皮两种佛手瓜嫩梢进行代谢组学检测,采用MetaboAnalyst 5.0、SIMCA-P和Origin等软件对代谢组数据进行分析。【结果】两种佛手瓜嫩梢间共筛选到135种差异代谢物,其中下调代谢物82个、上调53个;差异代谢物聚类法分析显示,芥子醛在白皮佛手瓜嫩梢中含量高,其次为松柏醇;在江屯青皮佛手瓜嫩梢中,检测差异代谢物溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺最高,其次为溶血磷脂酰胆碱;KEGG结果显示差异代谢物显著富集于5条代谢途径,分别为嘌呤代谢、亚油酸新陈代谢、类黄酮生物合成、次生代谢产物合成及α-亚麻酸代谢途径。【结论】江屯青皮佛手瓜嫩梢中的脂质、黄酮类、生物碱以及核苷酸类等物质含量高,特别是溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、日当药黄素、腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸和阿魏酰亚精胺等。研究结果为解析江屯青皮龙须菜代谢组学的营养和药用选育价值及优质品种提供理论基础。     

一株链霉菌脂肽类抗生素SMN的分离、纯化及生物学活性的研究

[目的]初步研究1株链霉菌中的活性物质SMN的分离纯化及其生物学活性。[方法]对链霉菌中的活性物质SMN进行分离和纯化,并研究SMN的抑菌谱和抗肿瘤活性以及Ca2+对其抑菌活性的影响。[结果]采用大孔吸附树脂来吸附链霉菌发酵物中的活性物质,吸附量大,解吸附容易,操作简单方便。通过HPLC比较不同大孔吸附树脂吸附活性物质的峰面积,国产的大孔吸附树脂AB-8和D312均高于进口树脂Diaion HP20。SMN仅对革兰氏阳性菌尤其耐药菌株有抑制活性,且抗菌活性具有Ca2+依赖性,对6种肿瘤细胞也有不同程度的抑制效果。SMN的抗癌活性与药物剂量和作用时间呈正相关性。[结论]活性物质SMN在抗菌和抗肿瘤治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。