全燕麦香酥饼包装货架期预测研究

将全燕麦香酥饼采用PE袋、PE袋+脱氧剂、真空包装袋+抽真空3种方式进行包装,研究其常温储藏条件下对感官品质的影响,并对真空包装的全燕麦香酥饼储藏期间脂肪酸价和过氧化值进行测定,建立数学模型,结合感官品质评价对该产品进行货架期预测。结果表明,全燕麦香酥饼采用真空包装方式的保质期较长,综合酸价、过氧化值和感官品质评定结果,常温下全燕麦香酥饼的货架期为10个月。     

Exploring patterns of Camellia seed cake application in relation to plant growth,soil nematodes and microbial biomass

ABSTRACT

The suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes is crucial for maintaining the worldwide development of the banana industry. In this study, different application patterns of Camellia seed cake previously reported to suppress root-knot nematode were conducted to manage pests and promote banana seedling growth. The results demonstrated seven days delay before transplanting was necessary after Camellia seed cake application. The dose 5 g/kg soil resulted in best plant growth promotion performance, which increased banana seedling height, stem diameter, shoot, and root fresh weight by upto 29%, 27%, 47%, and 21%, respectively. Plastic film mulching was beneficial when high amount (2%) of Camellia seed cake was added. The application of Camellia seed cake increased nutrient potassium amounts; the abundance of soil free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores; and the abundance of soil microbes and the soil catalase activity, while reduced plant-parasitic nematodes amounts. Further correlation analysis between the soil nematodes and microbial abundance showed that plant-parasite numbers had significant negative correlations with the bacterial biomass and a portion of the fungal biomass; bacterivores had significant positive correlations with the bacterial biomass; and omnivores had significant correlations with the bacterial biomass and fungal biomass. A fundamental challenge of root-knot nematode control is to sustain ecological services without losing biodiversity. This study provided an environmentally friendly strategy based on Camellia seed cake to regulate the soil health and quality.     

青羊参凝乳剂提取及其对乳饼制作工艺的影响

以青羊参叶为原料,研究了其有效凝乳成分的提取方法,并在乳饼加工过程中进行了验证。结果表明,青羊参凝乳剂的最佳提取温度为4℃,最佳提取的液料比为20 mL/g,最佳提取溶液为10 mmol/L柠檬酸-磷酸缓冲液;与传统直接添加青羊参叶浸泡液的方法相比,使用青羊参凝乳剂制成的乳饼蛋白质回收率、脂肪回收率和乳饼得率均显著提升(P0.05);质构和微观结构显示,使用青羊参凝乳剂制作的乳饼具有更适宜的硬度和较高的粘着度,凝胶网络结构分布均匀。     

Growth and economic analysis of freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), produced with feeds substituting sunflower cake for fish meal,soya bean meal and mustard oil cake

A feeding trial with Macrobrachium rosenbergii was carried out to test the effectiveness of sunflower cake (SFC) as a replacement for conventional protein sources. Four isonitrogenous (~30% crude protein) and isocaloric (388–402 kcal) diets were formulated. Diet‐1 was a control made with conventional ingredients including fish meal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake. Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐4 were made with 30%, 40% and 50% SFC, respectively, replacing the usual protein sources used in Diet‐1. After 100 days, diets with SFC inclusion showed favourable growth and economic performance trends compared to control diet‐1, but without significant differences (p > .05). Better production (572.89 ± 62.99 kg/ha) was observed with Diet‐4 followed by Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐1. Diet‐4 revealed the best feed conversion ratio (2.56 ± 0.24), specific growth rate (1.18 ± 0.05) and protein efficiency ratio (1.14 ± 0.10) among these diets. Whole carcass composition analysis revealed highest crude protein (18.19%) and lipid (4.43%) content in prawns fed Diet‐3 followed by Diet‐4. Highest total income, gross margin and benefit cost ratio (BCR) per hectare from prawns were US$5,759, US$2,623 and 1.84, respectively, found in Diet‐4. This study demonstrates that 30%–50% inclusion of SFC has favourable impacts on productivity and profitability compared with controls, with 50% SFC inclusion as the most cost‐effective diet for prawns without apparent compromise in growth, flesh quality or economics. The performances of the diets suggest that SFC may be a suitable substitute for fishmeal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake in prawn feed. The effectiveness of higher SFC concentrations should also be investigated.     

不同有机物料的Cd2+吸附特性及其对Cd污染土壤的修复效果研究

为探究经济有效的农田土壤重金属污染修复技术,首先通过等温吸附试验明确了废烟末、甘蔗滤泥和油菜籽油枯对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性,其次通过土培试验和盆栽试验研究了3种有机物料添加对土壤有效态Cd含量、小白菜Cd含量和小白菜生物量的影响。结果表明,3种有机物料对Cd~(2+)的吸附量大小顺序为:甘蔗滤泥油菜籽油枯废烟末,甘蔗滤泥的最大吸附量(Qmax)可达2 106.20mg·kg-1;废烟末、甘蔗滤泥、油菜籽油枯的施用均显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,降幅分别为39.79%、48.81%、47.77%。施用甘蔗滤泥和油菜籽油枯可显著降低小白菜对Cd的吸收量,降幅分别为35.93%和34.43%。施用甘蔗滤泥和油菜籽油枯也可显著增加小白菜的鲜重和干重,鲜重分别增加了81.42%、96.88%,干重分别增加了131.75%、128.91%。因此,以甘蔗滤泥降低农田土壤有效态Cd含量的效果最好。     

混料设计法优化萝卜糕配方的研究

萝卜糕是闽南地区一种传统小吃，其质地柔软，味道鲜美，营养丰富，是一种适宜大众的美食。本文以黏米粉、玉米粉、马铃薯粉为粉料，采用混料设计试验方法优化萝卜糕的原料配比，研究了不同种类及不同配比的淀粉形成的面团的质构特性，比较不同配比的原料对萝卜糕感官品质的影响，确定各原料的最佳添加量。通过质构分析和感官评分法对萝卜糕的配方进行比较。结果表明：当黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉的混合比例为0.65∶0.10∶0.25时，面团TPA质构特性为硬度较低，黏着性、弹性和内聚性均达到最高值，分别为1 220.834 Pa·s、0.97和0.534，且黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉比例为0.598、0.176、0.226时，制备的萝卜糕风味最佳，感官品质得分最高。     

微生物发酵在菜籽饼粕饲用品质改良中的应用研究进展

随着畜牧业的快速发展、优质饲料原料的严重不足以及国际进口贸易形势的日益紧张,开发非常规饲料资源的需求愈发迫切。菜籽饼粕是我国第一大油料作物油菜的加工副产物,饲用价值不高严重制约了在饲料工业中的应用。微生物发酵技术具有改良菜籽饼粕品质和提高畜禽生产性能的优势。本文综述了微生物发酵改良菜籽饼粕饲用价值的机理、影响因素以及微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料在畜禽生产中的应用,讨论了目前微生物发酵菜籽饼粕生产中存在的问题,展望了未来微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料的发展方向。     

油茶枯饼固态发酵技术的研究

对油茶枯饼的脱毒和发酵技术进行了研究.结果表明乙醇对油茶枯饼中的皂素有较高的脱除率，枯饼中的营养成分损失少；黑曲霉、毛霉和117假丝酵母能在脱皂油茶枯饼上正常生长，枯饼固态发酵后，其蛋白质含量有一定程度的提高，提高程度为66.7%～99.7%；平菇、紫木耳能在油茶枯饼中正常生长，而金针菇则生长不正常；紫木耳对枯饼中蛋白的提高程度在各食用菌中最高，为74.2%～110.7%；以毛霉、平菇和紫木耳的一次发酵产品再经117产朊假丝酵母二次发酵，其粗蛋白质含量接近20%，氨基酸组成趋向平衡.     

漳平水仙茶饼多酚的纯化及其体外活性研究

为了研究大孔树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的纯化效果,试验以水仙茶饼多酚粗提液为原料,比较了9种不同型号大孔树脂对水仙茶饼粗多酚的静态吸附和解吸性能,再以吸附率和解吸率为指标通过静态、动态吸附解吸试验。考察了各因素对LX-28树脂纯化水仙饼茶粗多酚的影响,最后探讨了纯化前后的水仙茶饼多酚的体外抗氧化和抑菌效果。结果表明:最佳纯化树脂LX-28,最佳吸附和解吸条件为1.5 mg/mL的质量浓度的水仙茶饼多酚粗提取液(pH4.0~5.0)以2.0 mL/min的流速上样95 mL,吸附平衡后去离子水冲洗至无色,再用70 mL,65%体积分数乙醇溶液(pH6.0)为洗脱剂,以3.0 mL/min流速洗脱,在此纯化条件下LX-28树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的吸附率和解吸率分别为(93.587±0.379)%和(95.330±1.282)%,树脂可重复使用4次,纯度提高了约3.04倍;对DPPH·和ABTS+·自由基清除率的IC50值分别从纯化前的1.279、3.682 mg/mL降低到0.295、1.525 mg/mL;对供试的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、米根霉和紫红曲霉均有不同程度的抑制作用,纯化后的水仙茶饼多酚的抑菌效果优于纯化前。     

油枯对镉污染土壤的钝化研究

为了研究油枯对镉(Cd)污染土壤的钝化效果,以油枯为外源添加物(质量比:1%、2%、3%、4%、5%),模拟田间条件在塑料桶中进行为期45 d的培养,对镉污染土壤中Cd形态分布特征、DTPA提取态Cd(DTPA-Cd)含量、pH、有机质含量进行分析。结果表明,添加油枯可显著降低镉污染土壤中可交换态镉(Ex-Cd)的比例,提高碳酸盐结合态镉(Cb-Cd)、铁锰氧化物结合态镉(Fe-Mnb-Cd)以及有机质及硫化物晶格态镉(OMb-Cd)的比例,而残渣晶格结合态镉(RLb-Cd)变化不明显。添加油枯显著降低镉污染土壤中DTPA-Cd含量,降幅最高可达49%。镉污染土壤p H值维持在6.0左右,1%~4%添加处理中土壤pH波动幅度较大;而5%添加处理的土壤pH波动幅度小。添加油枯均能显著提高镉污染土壤中有机质含量。由此可见,油枯对镉污染土壤有较好的钝化效果,这为重金属污染土壤的修复和农业废弃物的循环利用提供了参考。