基于文献计量分析的中国红树林保护研究现状

以2001～2015年《中国学术期刊(网络版)》为检索依据，采用文献计量分析方法对文献分布的期刊、年代、分布区域、基金项目、研究机构、核心期刊、研究主题分布核心作者等进行统计分析，得出近15年间发表量呈逐年增加趋势；文献获得基金项目支持主要分布于广东、海南、广西、福建、浙江等地区；文献主要涉及保护策略研究、病虫害防治研究、重金属污染研究、入侵植物防控研究、资源调查研究等5个领域，发表核心期刊的论文主要集中在生态科学、湿地科学、生态学杂志等12种期刊；文献出产最多的为厦门大学，其次为中山大学，海南师范大学，第一作者所在机构排名主要以高校和科研单位为主，核心作者主要集中在广西、福建、广东等省份。通过研究揭示了中国红树林保护研究的现状和趋势。     

滩涂互花米草除治技术研究

针对福建沿海滩涂外来物种互花米草疯长成灾问题,通过使用滩涂米草除控剂、种植秋茄等方法对互花米草进行除治技术研究,结果表明:在4-7月退潮后,用滩涂米草除控剂300-400 g稀水10 kg液均匀喷湿互花米草茎叶,2个月后叶枯根烂,次年4月下旬在除草迹地插植秋茄胚轴,幼树长势良好,为建设海峡西岸滩涂绿色屏障提供技术支撑.     

深圳坝光银叶树湿地园林木有害生物调查及防控

对坝光银叶树Heritiera littoralis 湿地园开展有害生物调查，收集并鉴定有害生物72 种，其中有害杂草5 种、寄生植物2 种、病害20 种、虫害45 种。红火蚁Solenopsis invicta 和薇甘菊Mikania micrantha 属于外来入侵检疫性有害生物，八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum 在公园内危害严重，对主要有害生物应加强预测预报、及时防治。     

不同生境中半红树植物抗氧化防御研究

选取5种半红树植物,研究了其在不同生境(潮间带和陆生)抗氧化防御系统的变化。结果表明,陆生的黄槿、许树O2.产生速率和莲叶桐H2O2含量均显著的高于其潮间带居群,从而使这3种半红树叶片中抗氧化酶类(SOD、APX、CAT、POD和GR)活性均高于其潮间带居群。而处于潮间带杨叶肖槿、阔苞菊(除SOD外)的SOD、APX、CAT活性显著高于其陆生居群,此时,H2O2含量要显著低于其陆生居群,而陆生的阔苞菊居群SOD、POD、GR活性高于其潮间带居群,因此,O2.产生的速率显著低于其潮间带居群。不同树种对不同生境有着不同抗氧化防御策略,总的趋势是,陆生的半红树抗氧化酶活性均要高于其潮间带居群,尤其是POD、GR活性在5种半红树中均显著高于其潮间带居群,暗示环境胁迫造成的选择压力导致半红树植物适应性的反应。高温、高光照、干旱是对陆生半红树的逆境胁迫,因此,上调抗氧化酶活性,以降低逆境对半红树的膜脂过氧化,减少电解质外渗,最终提高了半红树的抗逆性。     

海南东寨港红树林植物根系丛枝菌根真菌的初步调查

对海南东寨港国家级自然保护区3个地点(三江、塔市、保护站)的红树林植物丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)侵染状况进行了调查研究。结果表明,海南东寨港红树林生长区中14种红树植物的根内均发现菌丝、泡囊等AMF侵染结构,且都有较高的感染率,其中海桑、无瓣海桑、秋茄的总感染率均达到100%。     

雷州半岛徐闻红树林植物群落的结构和动态特征

为揭示不同潮位红树林群落结构及动态规律,本文对雷州半岛徐闻官曹红树林群落的物种组成、物种年龄结构和多样性等群落特征进行了分析.结果表明:离岸高潮位和和中潮位均为白骨壤+红海榄群落,低潮位为白骨壤群落,反映随潮位的降低,群落物种数逐渐减少,白骨壤种群在各潮位均为优势种,具较宽生态位,而次优势种群红海榄则只分布于中高潮位,生态位相对较窄.白骨壤和红海榄在所出现的潮位中,其幼苗和苗木均较多,年龄结构均属于增长型.各群落物种多样性Simpson指数(D)、Shannon(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)的大小顺序关系均为中潮位的白骨壤+红海榄群落＞高潮位的白骨壤+红海榄＞低潮位的白骨壤群落.隐含着高潮位物种竞争剧烈,均匀度较小,中潮位物种关系稳定,均匀度较大,低潮位物种受环境严重胁迫表现适生选择性.白骨壤和红海榄在所出现的潮位中,种群格局均属于集群分布,反映其典型的胎生红树特征.     

海南省红树林区大型底栖动物多样性的初步研究

为了解海南省红树林区的大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性现状，2009年6月对海南省7个主要红树林区进行大型底栖动物调查，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielous种类均匀度(J′)、 Berger-Parker优势度指数(Y)、多样性阈值(Dv)等进行种类多样性评价。结果表明，调查所采获的大型底栖动物共56种，以软体动物和甲壳类动物为主。红树林区大型底栖动物平均生物量137.67 g/m2，平均栖息密度为307.64个/m2。H′甚高，在1.94～3.41，J′在0.52～0.90，Dv达到1.01～3.07，种类多样性基本处于非常丰富和较好的水平。     

Fishers’ ecological knowledge of sawfishes in Lake Piso,Liberia

1. A lack of recent data on the presence of sawfishes throughout West Africa inhibits the development of conservation strategies for these endangered elasmobranchs.
2. Short interviews were conducted with 32 fishermen around Lake Piso, Liberia, over three days to assess whether this region might still support a population of sawfishes.
3. Just over half of all interviewees recognized the image of a sawfish and had seen at least one in their lifetime.
4. No respondent claimed to have frequently caught or observed sawfishes in the past, and few fishermen appeared to know if sawfishes were even edible.
5. Seven fishermen stated that they had seen or caught a sawfish within the last five years.
6. The cultural importance attributed to sawfishes in other parts of West Africa was not apparent among the interviewees.
7. These findings suggest that if sawfishes are still present in Lake Piso, they are rare and local ecological knowledge of these fishes is declining.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sawfishes in The Gambia and Senegal – shifting baselines over 40 years

1. Historical and current information on sawfish distribution and abundance in African waters is limited, yet such information is essential in order to effect conservation strategies for this group of critically endangered elasmobranchs.
2. During a study of sawfishes in the Gambia River in 1974 and 1975 fishermen were interviewed and sawfishes and rostra were collected in order to assess the species and size classes present and the spatial distribution of sawfishes.
3. Largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) were common in the Gambia River during this period and could be found several hundred kilometres upriver, extending into Senegal.
4. Interviews conducted with fishermen in 2014 at key fish landings sites along the Gambian coast and upriver suggest that sawfish are now rarely encountered, although a small number of fishermen stated that they had caught a sawfish within the last 5 years.
5. The use of nets was perceived to be the main cause of sawfish decline. There was little mention of any cultural importance of sawfish, which were considered useful primarily as a source of food.
6. Sawfish declines are resulting in a shifting baseline syndrome, whereby local knowledge of sawfish ecology and cultural importance is being lost in the West Africa region.
7. These data demonstrate for the first time that the Gambia River was historically a key habitat for freshwater sawfish and as such, should be considered in any future conservation actions for sawfishes in the West Africa region.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生活污水对白骨壤和红海榄叶片指标及结构的影响

为了探讨2种红树植物叶片对生活污水环境的适应性，采用石蜡切片法和显微拍照法观察了白骨壤和红海榄2种红树植物的叶片结构。结果表明：污染区的白骨壤叶片的上角质层厚度、表皮层厚度、上内皮层厚度等均比无污染区的白骨壤大，而污染区的红海榄叶片则在下角质层厚度、上表皮层厚度、下内皮层厚度等指标上比污染区的红海榄显著增大，表明生活污水对红树植物的生长有一定的影响。