余杭市大型野生真菌资源调查与研究

经过实地调查,发现浙江省余杭市有各类大型野生真菌９５种,隶属于３个亚门３１个科７３个属,其中食用真菌３６种,药用真菌４４种,有毒真菌７种,食用药用两用菌２１种,木腐真菌５种。余杭市大型野生真菌资源比较丰富。     

Mycoremediation of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements——a Biological Tool for Soil Cleanup: A Review

Anthropogenic and geogenic activities release potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) that impact human health and the environment.Increasing environmental pollution stresses the need for environmentally friendly remediation technologies.Physico-chemical treatments are effective,but are costly and generate secondary pollution on-or off-site.Phytoremediation is a biological treatment that provides positive results for PTE eradication with few limitations.Mycoremediation,a type of bioremediation to use macrofungi (mushrooms) for PTE extraction from polluted sites,is the best option for soil cleanup.This review highlights the scope,mechanisms,and potentials of mycoremediation.Mushrooms produce a variety of extracellular enzymes that degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),pesticides,dyes,and petroleum hydrocarbons into simpler compounds.Cadmium (Cd),lead (Pb),mercury (Hg),chromium (Cr),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and iron (Fe) have been effectively extracted by Phellinus badius,Amanita spissa,Lactarius piperatus,Suillus grevillei,Agaricus bisporous,Tricholoma terreum,and Fomes fomentarius,respectively.Mycoremediation is affected by environmental and genetic factors,such as pH,substrate,mycelium age,enzyme type,and ecology.The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) can make clear the effectiveness of a mushroom for the extraction of PTEs from the substrate.Higher BAF values of Cd (4.34),Pb (2.75),Cu (9),and Hg (95) have been reported for Amanita muscaria,Hypholoma fasciculare,Russula foetens,and Boletus pinophilus,respectively,demonstrating their effectiveness and suitability for mycoremediation of PTEs.     

左家地区大型真菌资源调查(第Ⅲ报)

在左家地区大型真菌资源调查Ⅰ、Ⅱ报的基础上,继续报道该地区大型真菌40科65属104种,绝大多数是具有较高利用价值的食用或药用真菌。其中毡毛小脆柄菇Psathyrella velutina(Pers.:Fr.)Sing.和粪缘钩刺盘菌Cheilymenia coprinaria(Cooke)Boud.为吉林省新记录种。     

阴条岭国家级自然保护区大型真菌调查研究

对重庆巫溪阴条岭国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源及其区系特征进行了研究.结果显示:保护区有大型真菌36科62属83种,其中:木生真菌45种、寄生真菌1种、土生真菌37种;优势科明显,以多孔菌科、伞菌科、小皮伞科和脆柄菇科为主;从属的组成上可划分为世界分布属(67.64%)、泛热带分布属(16.13%)和北温带分布属(16.13%),表现出从亚热带向北温带过渡的区系特征.从资源价值来看,保护区有食用菌34种,药用菌28种,毒菌5种,木腐菌45种.     

梅岭东南麓大型真菌资源及部分野生菌纯培养

研究低海拔国家级森林公园延伸区合并大学校园区的梅岭东南麓大型真菌,共采集到103号大型真菌标本,整理出65种,隶属于担子菌亚门的2纲,7目,25科,44属。其中,江西省新记录11种。本区以白蘑科、蘑菇科、多孔菌科和红菇科为主,占该区总种数的46.15%;优势属为红菇属和蘑菇属,各占总种数的9.23%。生态类型有木生菌22种、土生菌有32种、共生菌11种。从65种野生大型真菌中获得了12种纯培养物。     

翘鳞伞驯化栽培研究

驯化研究表明,翘鳞伞(Pholiota squarrosa)可在以木屑、棉籽壳为主料,麸皮、玉米面、石膏、磷酸二氢钾为辅料的罐头瓶培养料上正常生长发育,一年两次栽培,接种到子实体采收约120～130 d,生物学效率达53％.